Fernanda Scherer

MENOR TEMPO DE JEJUM PRÉ-OPERATÓRIO E ALIMENTAÇÃO PRECOCE NO PÓS-OPERATÓRIO SÃO SEGUROS?

ABSTRACT – Introduction - Fasting in the night before elective surgery has been established to prevent pulmonary complications, vomiting, regurgitation and aspiration of gastric contents. The year of 2005 was developed the project ACERTO. It consists in a multidisciplinary team that aims to recover the surgical patient by administering two our six hours before surgery, a carbohydrate-rich beverage (12.5% dextrinomaltose). The multidisciplinary team consists of anesthesiologists, surgeons, nutritionists, nurses and physiotherapists. Methods – Literature review of preoperative fasting conducted during September and October of 2011 in Scielo and PubMed. Conclusion - Reducing the time of preoperative fasting with high carbohydrate solution until two hours before the operation as early feeding postoperatively, bring numerous benefits to the patient. The ACERTO project has shown good results and these new behaviors should be encouraged, thereby reducing the recovery time of the surgical patient.

Fatores associados à hipertensão arterial sistêmica e ao estado nutricional de hipertensos inscritos no programa Hiperdia

OBJECTIVE: To analyze factors associated with hypertension and its relation with nutritional status of hypertensive subjects enrolled in the program Hiperdia in a municipality of Rio Grande do Sul. METHODS: We evaluated patients with hypertension enrolled in Hiperdia. The data related with risk factors for hypertension were collected through a semi structured questionnaire composed of the following variables: age, education, exercise, smoking, drugs consumed, genetics, chronic diseases, weight, height and waist circumference. RESULTS: Among the 402 hypertensive patients studied, 138 (34.3%) were adults and 264 (65.7%) were elderly, and the majority were female. The prevalence of overweight was 76.8% in adults, while 35% of them were normal weight. When compared the ages, 11% of the elderly were significantly associated with illiteracy. The adults and the elderly presented waist circumference and BMI classification above desired levels. CONCLUSION: In this study, hypertension was associated with increase of age, excess of weight, waist circumference, low education, smoking and alcohol consumption. Excess of weight was configured as one of the most aggravating factors in this population.

Estado nutricional e prevalencia de doencas cronicas em idosos de um municipio do interior do Rio Grande do Sul

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the factors affecting the nutritional status of socially active elderly in a municipality in the countryside of Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. METHODS: A cross-sectional study where 284 subjects participated voluntarily. A structured individual questionnaire containing questions relating to eating habits was administered and anthropometric data (weight, height, waist circumference) were collected. RESULTS: 60.3% of men and 62.5% of women were overweight. Based on the assessment of waist circumference (WC) there was increased risk for developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) in 98.5% of men and 92.5% women. Most women (56.9%) reported some solid drug use, whereas among men (52.5%), most reported no medicine consumption. No significant difference between the different nutritional status and dietary habits investigated was observed. Among married, overweight was found in 47.1% of men and 35.6% of women. CONCLUSION: The majority of the elderly population was overweight and waist circumference was large among men and women. No association between nutritional status and the number of meals, water intake, daily intake of fruits and vegetables, type of milk consumed, weekly consumption of meat, candies, fried foods and legumes was observed.

Prevalência e fatores associados à constipação intestinal em idosos residentes em instituições de longa permanência

Objective: Constipation is a frequent motility disorder and while a common complaint among the overall population, is particularly prevalent among the elderly. The increase of this population group is creating a growing demand for long term care institutions. The present study aims to investigate the prevalence of and factors associated with Palavras-chave: Constipacao

Alimentação na escola e estado nutricional de estudantes do ensino fundamental

Objective: To relate the nutritional status and sex of elementary students with the intake of free school meals, meals bought at canteens and meals brought from home. Methods: Cross-sectional observational study performed in 2013 with 120 students from 5th to 9th grade of two elementary and public school of a municipality in Rio Grande do Sul. A structured questionnaire was applied to investigate free school meals, meals purchased at school or brought from home. Weight, height and waist circumference (WC) were measured. The distribution of percentiles of Body Mass Index (BMI) was analyzed and the nutritional status was ranked, using the Fishers Exact Test for analysis. Results: Female students (n=36; 46.8%) reported not consuming the free school meals because they dislike it, and male students (n=22; 51.2%) because they do not feel hungry (p=0.028). Regarding the food purchased at school, females’ preference (n=12; 27.9%) was for candies and males’ (n=21; 48.8%) was for hot dog (p=<0.001). The majority of the students classified as eutrophic (n=28; 33.3%) consumed the food because they were hungry, and those classified as overweight/obese (n=24; 70.6%), because they considered it healthy and nutritious (p=0.028). Conclusion: Most eutrophic, overweight and obese students in both genders consume 2-3 free meals offered at school per week and they give preference to bringing from home some biscuits, snacks and sandwiches made with white bread. Females prefer soft drinks, goodies, candies, and cakes, while males prefer the hot dog. doi: 10.5020/18061230.2014.p349