Fernanda Vidigal Duarte Souza

Micropropagation and in vitro conservation of Neoglaziovia variegata (Arr. Cam.) mez, a fiber producing bromeliad from Brazil

Neoglaziovia variegata (Arr. Cam.) Mez is a Bromeliaceae native to the Caatinga, used for fiber extraction in the Northeast Region of Brazil. The antropic activity has place this species among the threatened ones. The objective of the work was to establish an in vitro propagation and conservation of caroa. Seeds were cultivated in MS medium in the presence or absence of light. In vitro germinated seedlings were multiplied in MS medium supplemented with the combinations 0.05 and 0.50 µM NAA and 2.2 and 4.4 µM BAP and KIN. The best percentages of germination were obtained with the seeds incubated in the presence of light. The highest multiplication ratio was obtained for the NAA (0,5 µM) + BAP (4,4 µM) treatment and the number of roots, with NAA (0.5 µM) + KIN (2.2 µM). Plant acclimatization presented differentiated results regarding the substrates tested. The conservation was established.

Selection and use recommendation in hybrids of ornamental pineapple

The use of pineapples as ornamental plants has increased in the last years due to their beauty and originality, demanding the generation of new varieties. The objective of the present work was to study the genetic variability and type of use of hybrids as ornamental pineapples, besides evaluating the resistance of these hybrids to Fusarium wilt. Six progenies, FRF-22 X FRF-1387, FRF-1392 X FRF-32, Curaua Roxo X Ananas Tricolor, G-44 X FRF-1387, FRF-1392 X FRF-224 and FRF-1387 X FRF-224, were evaluated by eleven morphological descriptors, and five categories of use were taken into account: landscaping plants, cut flower, potted plants, minifruits and foliage. High variability within and between progenies was detected, which allowed the selection of 16 hybrids as cut flowers, 17 as landscaping plants, four as minifruits, two as potted plants and just three as foliage. Fourteen of them were recorded for more than one type of use. For resistance to the Fusarium, out of the 31 hybrids evaluated, 11 presented resistance, 17 were moderately resistant and three were susceptible.

Variabilidade genética de populações naturais de caroá por meio de marcadores RAPD

The objective of this work was to quantify the genetic variability within and among populations of caroa (Neoglaziovia variegata) using random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD) markers. One hundred eighty caroa genotypes from Guanambi, Juazeiro and Valente counties in the state of Bahia, Brazil, were analyzed. A high polymorphism was observed among the caroa populations. The genetic dissimilarities among all genotypes ranged from 0.08 to 0.95 with an average of 0.44. The molecular variance showed that 56% of the total variation was explained by the differences among individuals with in locations.The differences among counties explained 17% of the total variation, while the differences among places within counties explained 26% of the variation.

Morphogenetic response of cotyledon and leaf explants of melon (Cucumis melo L.) cv. Amarillo Oro

Callus cultures from cotyledon and leaf explants of a Spanish cultivar of melon (Amarillo Oro) were tested for growth and morphogenic capacity on several culture media with different concentrations of IAA (indole-3-acetic acid) in combination with 1.0 mg.L-1 BA (6-benzylaminopurine) or 6.0 mg.L-1 KIN (kinetin). The best results were achieved with cotyledon explants. The leaf explants presented low bud formation capacity. Variability of organogenic response on cotyledons of different age (7, 5, 3 and 1-day-old) was evaluated. The age of explant had a significant influence on bud induction. Cotyledon explants from 7-day-old seedlings showed higher organogenic index and development of shoots when cultured onto MS medium supplemented with 1.5 mg.L-1 of IAA and 1.0 mg.L-1 of BA. The effect of cut type of cotyledonary explants on organogenic response was also investigated. Explants cut transversally showed the best results. The addition of copper sulfate in the culture medium promoted a qualitative improvement of the regenerated shoots.

Viability, production and morphology of pollen grains for different species in the genus Manihot (Euphorbiaceae)

The objective of this work was to characterize the viability, production and morphology of pollen for different species in the genus Manihot. Floral buds from Manihot accessions were collected from two germplasm banks at Embrapa Cassava & Fruits. The viability of the pollen was assessed via colorimetric, in vitro and in vivo assays. The diameter of the pollen grains was determined by measuring the transversal length of the grain. The experimental design was entirely randomized. Studies on pollen ultrastructure were performed via scanning electron microscopy. Pollen viability was high in the colorimetric tests and intermediate in vivo tests; there was no germination in the in vitro tests. The average production for all accessions was 1,253 pollen grains per floral bud. The size of the pollen grains varied from 132 to 163 µm in the wild accessions, and 129 to 146 µm in the cultivated accessions. The pollen grains for all accessions were very large, apolar, spherical as well as inaperturate, with an exine ornamented with pila organized in a Croton pattern. The wild accessions, in general, produced more and larger pollen grains compared with the cultivated accessions.

Genetic variability of banana with ornamental potential

The Musa germplasm collection at Embrapa Cassava and Fruits detains accessions from different sections of the Musa genus. The objective of the present study was to identify and morphologically characterize banana accessions from the banana germplasm with ornamental potential, as well as to quantify their genetic variability; and identify possible progenitors to be used in breeding aiming to achieve ornamental crossbreeds. The accessions were evaluated with the use of 32 morphological descriptors. Then, they were the following grouped into categories: landscape plants, cut flower, potted plants, and male inflorescence minifruits. The pre-selected accessions presented great genetic variability and ornamental potential for different uses. The accessions of the Rhodochlamys and Callimusa sections were selected to be used as landscape plants, cut flowers, potted plants, male inflorescence and minifruits. Most of the diploids from the Eumusa section evaluated in this study are indicated for the production of ornamental minifruits, except for ‘Lidi’ and Cici, which can also be indicated as landscape plants. The BB diploids have great potential for the use of the male inflorescence in floral arrangements, and did not offer any other indication.

Morfologia e viabilidade de grãos de pólen de acessos silvestres de abacaxi

The aim of this research was to evaluate the pollen grains viability from accessions of wild pineapple using in vitro pollen germination and the growth of the polinic tube in two different temperatures and acetic carmine. In addition, the study aimed to recognize the pattern of pollen morphology of some pineapple varieties. Samples from six pineapples accessions: Silvestre-25, I-26/803 (Ananas macrodontes), Igor (A. comosus var. erectifolius), Ananas Santo Amaro, FRF-22 and FRF-32 (A. comosus var. bracteatus) were used. The pollen grains were inoculated onto medium culture containing 10% of sucrose, 0.01% H3BO3, 0.01% KNO3, 0.03% Ca(NO3)2.4H2O, solidified with 1% agar and pH adjusted to 6.5. Two incubation temperatures, 25°C e 30°C were evaluated. Pollen viability was evaluated by staining with 2% acetic carmine. All varieties of A. comosus showed pollen grains of medium size, radial symmetry, oval to spheroidal, ambit 2-porate, subprolate, exine eutectic, reticulate, heterobrochate, lumens ranging from polygonal to rounded, grain-free, except for two accessions of A. macrodontes that showed big size. The best germination rates were obtained for A. macrodontes when compared to erectifolius and bracteatus. The majority of accessions presented pollen viability higher than 76% using the acetic carmine technique.

Genetic variation of Citrus and related genera with ornamental potential

The interest in Citrus and related genera as ornamental plants has increased in recent years, motivating studies aimed at identifying genotypes, varieties and hybrids suitable for this purpose. The Citrus Active Germplasm Bank of the Embrapa Cassava & Fruits, a research unit of the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation—Embrapa, contains more than 750 accessions with wide genetic variability, and their utilization for ornamental purposes is the objective of this study. For this purpose, we characterized 37 accessions with ornamental potential, classified in four categories for use in floriculture: potted plants, minifruit, hedges and landscaping. Through the use of 39 quantitative and qualitative morphological descriptors, the following accessions stood out for use landscaping and as potted plants: ‘Variegated’ calamondin, ‘Nasnaran’ mandarin, ‘Chinotto’ orange, ‘Trifoliate limeberry’, ‘Papeda Kalpi’, ‘Talamisan’ orange, ‘Wart Java’ lime, and ‘Chinese box-orange’, besides accessions of the genera Fortunella, Poncirus and Microcitrus. Among the accessions identified as having potential for use as minifruit plants, the common ‘Sunki’ mandarin was the most suitable, and in the hedge category, ‘Chinese box-orange’ and ‘Trifoliate limeberry’ stood out. The results obtained provide information to support citrus breeding programs for ornamental purposes.

In vitro regeneration and morphogenesis of somatic embryos of cassava

Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a embriogenese somatica e a regeneracao de plantas da variedade Cigana Preta a partir de apices caulinares e folhas imaturas obtidos de plantas cultivadas in vitro. Para a inducao de embrioes, os explantes foram cultivados em meio Murashige e Skoog (MS) suplementados com acido 2,4 diclorofenoxiacetico (2,4-D) ou 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (Picloram), ambos nas concentracoes 8,0 e 12 mg L-1. O desenvolvimento dos embrioes obtidos foi testado por dois meios de cultura com diferentes concentracoes de benzilaminopurina (BAP) (D1 ou D2). Embrioes em estagio cotiledonar foram incubados em meio de germinacao, constituido de sais e vitaminas do MS, 2,0 µM de sulfato de cobre, 2,4 g L-1 de Phytagel®, e 1,77 µM BAP. A maior frequencia de calos e numeros de embrioes por explantes foi obtida com 8,0 mg L-1 da auxina Picloram. As plantas regeneradas, oriundas do tratamento com Picloram apresentaram desenvolvimento normal e num periodo minimo de quatro semanas foram transferidas para meio de multiplicacao. Cortes histologicos de embrioes malformados, provenientes dos explantes foliares cultivados em 2,4-D revelaram que as estruturas cotiledonares tem origens independentes da formacao do meristema apical caulinar e nao houve formacao do meristema apical caulinar nos embrioes, sendo a maioria classificado como corneta. Este trabalho demonstrou que em mandioca o uso de diferentes auxinas proporciona diferentes condicoes para a formacao de embrioes somaticos e que a baixa conversao em plantas foi decorrente de anormalidades desses embrioes.

Development of interspecific hybrids of cassava and paternity analysis with molecular markers

The present paper demonstrates the development of interspecific hybrids between Manihot esculenta Crantz ssp . esculenta ( Mee ) and M. esculenta Crantz ssp . flabellifolia ( Mef ) and paternity analysis using microsatellite markers [simple sequence repeat (SSR)]. Three Mef accessions (FLA005, FLA025V and FLA029V) were used for crosses with varieties of Mee : Saracura, Aipim Bravo, COL 1725, Aipim Rosa, Abobora, Parana and PER334. The paternity of the interspecific hybrids was investigated using 24 SSRs. The observed heterozygosity ( Ho ), polymorphic information content ( PIC ), probability of identity ( PI ) and paternity exclusion ( PE ) were evaluated. The rate of breeding success varied from 17 to 92%, and an average of two pollinations were required for each generated hybrid plant. The Ho value ranged from 0·11 to 0·92, and the PIC value ranged from 0·12 to 0·59. The uneven distribution of allele frequencies was accompanied by a high PI average (0·56). However, the combined PE for 21 loci was 0·99, which allows for the determination of the paternity of the hybrids with good discriminatory power. Of the 74 hybrids evaluated, 0·82 had their paternity confirmed using microsatellite markers. Discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) indicated the presence of eight clusters, of which, one was composed of only Mef varieties and the supposed hybrid Fla52Sar-H7, which was a product of apomixis. The parent Mee and hybrids were allocated in the other seven clusters. The data obtained demonstrate that SSR markers can be routinely used in breeding programmes to verify the paternity of interspecific crosses of cassava.