Fernando Adami

Childhood and adolescent obesity and adult mortality: a systematic review of cohort studies

This systematic review addressed cohort studies on obesity in childhood and adolescence and adult mortality, published from January 1990 to March 2007. We searched the PubMed database with the following uniterms: obesity, mortality, child, adolescent; obesity and mortality; overweight and mortality. References were also analyzed. The age limit was 2 to 18 years. Quality of the articles was assessed, and eight were identified and reviewed. All used weight and stature for determination of obesity, and seven used body mass index (BMI). The quality score varied from 9 to 17. Evidence of association between obesity in childhood and adolescence and adult mortality should be viewed with caution. Use of BMI and potential confounders were discussed. Further research is needed to analyze the relationship between childhood and adolescent obesity and adult mortality.

Insatisfação corporal e atividade física em adolescentes da região continental de Florianópolis

The relationship between physical activity and body dissatisfaction is little explored in literature. It was examined the body dissatisfaction and physical activity relationship among adolescents students of public schools from Florianopolis, Brazil. The sample was composed by 242 students, 109 boys (14,6±2,8 years) and 138 girls (14,3±3 years). The instruments used were a habitual physical activities questionnaire and a body silhouettes scale. Forty three per cent of girls and 29,4% of boys are insufficiently active. Sixty nine per cent of the boys and 76,7% of the girls are unsatisfied with their body silhouette. Boys demonstrate a tendency of both increase and decrease their body silhouette, while girls demonstrate a tendency to decrease their body silhouette. No association was found between satisfaction with body silhoutte and habitual physical activity status. To investigate the relationship between physical activity and body dissatisfaction can be useful for future research that could be verified in the therapeutical interventions with physical activity for the body dissatisfaction treatment.

Fonoaudiólogos doutores no Brasil: perfil da formação no período de 1976 a 2008

TEMA: manter atualizado o levantamento de doutores fonoaudiologos brasileiros permite recuperar a memoria do que foi desenvolvido na area, alem de explicitar um indicador importante do amadurecimento da Fonoaudiologia no pais. OBJETIVO: analisar a formacao dos doutores fonoaudiologos brasileiros, no periodo correspondente a 1976 - 2008. METODO: as teses defendidas por fonoaudiologos brasileiros, no periodo compreendido entre 1976 (primeira defesa) ate final de 2008, foram selecionadas, por meio de contato com as secretarias de programas de pos-graduacao e consulta a Plataforma Lattes. Para cada achado foram registradas as variaveis: sexo do autor; ano de defesa; instituicao de ensino e programa de pos-graduacao em que a tese foi desenvolvida, alem da tematica escolhida. A analise estatistica compreendeu descricao dos parâmetros, analise de regressao para evidenciar o crescimento referente ao ano de defesa, area e tematica escolhida e teste de qui-quadrado para verificar associacao. RESULTADOS: as 504 teses localizadas, 97,0% foram defendidas por mulheres; em maior numero foram escolhidas as instituicoes estaduais (47,62%) e os programas inseridos na area de Ciencias da Vida (57,54%); quanto a tematica desenvolvida na tese, maior numero correspondeu a Linguagem (34,52%) e Audicao e equilibrio (32,34%). A analise de regressao evidenciou o crescimento do numero de teses segundo o ano, sendo que tal tendencia foi tambem evidenciada na escolha do Programa e para as areas de Linguagem e Motricidade e Funcoes Orofaciais (p < 0,001). O incremento se da principalmente devido ao aumento das teses defendidas em instituicoes publicas, mais particularmente, as estaduais (p < 0,001). CONCLUSAO: houve um crescimento significativo dos fonoaudiologos doutores, fato que possibilita maior insercao do fonoaudiologo em atividades de pesquisa e producao cientifica qualificada.

Equivalência conceitual, de itens e semântica do Physical Activity Checklist Interview (PACI)

There is a lack of Brazilian questionnaires to assess physical activity in children. The Physical Activity Checklist Interview (PACI) was originally developed for North American children and allows assessing physical activity during the previous day. The objectives of this study were: i) to describe procedures for choosing the PACI for cross-cultural adaptation and ii) to assess conceptual, item, and semantic equivalence of the Brazilian version to be used with 7-to-10-year-old children. PACI was identified from a systematic review of 18 questionnaires. The process of choosing the instrument involved discussions with researchers. The PACI allows assessing the construct and its dimensions. Some kinds of physical activity that are uncommon in the Brazilian population had to be eliminated. The following steps were taken to evaluate semantic equivalence: translation, retranslation, connotative and referential meaning assessment, and a pretest with 24 children aged 7 to 10 years. We present the PACI in its Brazilian adapted version, called Lista de Atividades Fisicas (LAF).

Fat metabolism during exercise: mechanisms of regulation

Fats are important energetic fuel to exercise. However, the regulation of fat uptake during exercise is unclear. The main objective of this review was to focus on physiological control mechanisms of mobilization, transport and fat uptake during exercise. The articles of fat metabolism were searched in Pubmed and Lilacs indexes. Classical and current papers were preferred. Evidence suggests that transport of fatty acids (FA) from extracellular to intracellular spaces could be the main factor to limit fatty acid uptake. Future studies on fat uptake during exercise can focus on this mechanism. In intense exercise, the lower blood fl ow in the adipose tissue and higher fatty acid reesterifi cation rate impairs fat uptake during exercise. Supplementation of the FA has been used, however, the ideal quantities and forms to prevent gastrointestinal discomfort were not yet determined. In the biological point of view, intramuscular reserve of FA could be more effi cient, because is not necessary to FA to cross the cell membrane.