Fernando Antonio Bataghin

Distribuição da comunidade de epífitas vasculares em sítios sob diferentes graus de perturbação na Floresta Nacional de Ipanema, São Paulo, Brasil

(Distribution of the community of vascular epiphytes in sites under different degrees of disturbance in the Ipanema National Forest, Sao Paulo, Brazil). Despite the importance of vascular epiphytes to indicate the degree of local conservation, there is little research on this subject. The present research was performed in the Ipanema National Forest, Ipero, Sao Paulo, Brazil, aiming to characterize the vascular epiphytic community, to analyze their vertical distribution and to analyze the correlation among different sites. Three sites were considered: RIA - remnant isolated/modified, FAB - advanced forest/border, and FAI - advanced forest/inside. On each site 90 assorted trees (DBH ³ 20 cm) were sampled. Frequency, abundance and diversity parameters based on the occurrence of epiphytes in the strata and in the assorted trees were estimated. In the present survey 21 species belonging to 14 genera and six families were found. The Shannon index of diversity (H) for the whole epiphytic community was 2.272, the equability (J) = 0.713 and Margalefs richness (d) = 2.467. The richness and diversity of sites were: 18 species, H = 2.159, J = 0.747 and d = 2.180 for the RIA site, seven species, H = 1.270, J = 0.652 and d = 1.017 for the FAB site, and 13 species, H = 1.587, J = 0.618 and d = 1.919 for the FAI site. Although there are significant differences among RIA to FAB and FAI, there is no difference between FAB and FAI. This research highlights the influence of environmental changes over epiphytic communities and the importance of disturbed forest remnants or even isolated trees to sustain the vascular epiphytes.

Riqueza e estratificação vertical de epífitas vasculares na Estação Ecológica de Jataí: área de Cerrado no Sudeste do Brasil

The richness and vertical stratification of vascular epiphytes was studied in Jatai Ecological Station (EEJ), Sao Paulo State, Brazil. A total of 1,574 epiphytes were recorded, corresponding to 29 species, 20 genera, and seven families.xa0 Angiosperms were represented by 23 species and Pteridophytes by six species. The characteristic form, holoepiphytes, was dominant in the area (93.1%). Epiphytes specialists were most common in the area, contributing with about 55% of species (17% trunk epiphytes and 38% canopy epiphytes); generalist species contributed 42%, and hemiepiphytes, with 3%. The intermediate zones had the highest number of species and more number of records. There was a significant difference among species that comprise the lower zones and the upper zones in the host trees. The richness and distribution of epiphytes are determined by some climatic factors, but the moisture and light intensity are the most important regulatory factors in the cerrado area researched.

Epifitismo vascular em sítios de borda e interior em Floresta Estacional Semidecidual no Sudeste do Brasil

ABSTRACT - (Vascular epiphytes at the edge and interior of a Semideciduous Forest in Southeastern Brazil). Epiphytes have a key role as environmental indicators and may reflect the degree of local preservation. This research was performed at the Ipanema National Forest, Sao Paulo State, Brazil, and aimed to characterize the vascular epiphytic community, taking into consideration its abundance and distribution at forest-interior and edge site. In the survey, 16 species belonging to 12 genera in six families were found. Characteristic holoepiphytes were the dominant type of epiphytes. At the forest edge, seven epiphytic species were found, with H = 1.282 and J = 0.658. At the inner forest site, 13 species were sampled, with H = 1.587 and J = 0.619. The results indicated that the low diversity of the area may be related to forest disturbance and vegetation types studied, and an edge effect was noted in the vascular epiphytes, both at forest edge and forest-interior sites, leading to changes in species composition and vertical distribution of the community.Key words: Atlantic Forest, edge effect, human action, phytosociologyRESUMO - (Epifitismo vascular em sitios de borda e interior em Floresta Estacional Semidecidual no Sudeste do Brasil). As epifitas tem papel fundamental como indicadores ambientais e podem refletir o grau de preservacao local. Esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida na Floresta Nacional de Ipanema, Sao Paulo, Brasil e objetivou caracterizar a comunidade epifitica vascular, analisando sua abundância e distribuicao nos sitios de borda e de interior da floresta. Foram encontradas 16especies, pertencentes a 12 generos e seis familias. Houve predominância dos holoepifitos caracteristicos. Na borda foram amostradas sete especies, com diversidade de Shannon de H = 1,282 e equabilidade de Pielou de J = 0,658. No interior foram amostradas 13 especies, com diversidade de Shannon de H = 1,587 e equabilidade de Pielou de J = 0,619. Os resultados indicaram que a baixa diversidade da area pode estar relacionada a perturbacao da floresta e a fitofisionomia pesquisada, e que ha acao do efeito de borda sobre as epifiticas vasculares da borda e do interior da floresta, alterando a composicao especifica e a distribuicao vertical da comunidade.Palavras-chave: Acao antropica, efeito de borda, fitossociologia, Mata Atlântica

Epífitas vasculares da Estação Ecológica Barreiro Rico, Anhembi, SP, Brasil: diversidade, abundância e estratificação vertical

A diversidade, abundância e estratificacao vertical das epifitas vasculares foram estudadas na Estacao Ecologica Barreiro Rico, area de floresta estacional semidecidual na regiao central de Sao Paulo, Brasil. Das 25 especies encontradas (15 generos e seis familias), as Angiospermas foram representadas por 20 especies. e as samambaias por cinco. A diversidade de Shannon (H) foi de 2,77 nats. Os holoepifitos caracteristicos (88%) foram predominantes na area, bem como as especies com dispersao anemocorica (60%). Orchidaceae apresentou maior riqueza, no entanto tambem o maior numero de especies raras (Valor de Importância Epifitica < 1). As zonas de altura intermediarias apresentaram o maior numero de especies e de registros. A zona proxima ao solo e aquela mais externa no dossel foram dominadas por especies com caracteristicas distintas, melhor adaptadas aos ambientes sombreados ou de luminosidade extrema, respetivamente. A distribuicao das especies e das abundâncias indica uma comunidade epifitica relativamente simples, na qual atuam poucos fatores dominantes, sendo limitada por fatores microclimaticos.