Fernando Lolas Stepke

Attitudes towards genomic: Research in four Latin American countries

The present reflection refers to data obtained about the social representations of genomic research and its applications through interviews with legislators and lawyers, biomedical researchers and civilians and the review of scientific and legal literature in four Latin American countries: Argentine, Chile, Mexico and Peru. Several issues are addressed: little access to prevention and therapeutic methods, lack of equity in health benefits, commercialization of gene sequences through patents which leads to commercial exploitation of underdeveloped countries, the possibility of physical or psychological damage or genetic discrimination, the possibility of genetic modifications or abortion for eugenic reasons, the necessity of safeguarding confidentiality, risks and benefits of the use of transgenics and cloning, the necessity of legal regulation to prevent the pathway towards genetic enhancement or reproductive human cloning and of regulating access to genetic information. Using the method of content analysis of verbal behaviour to evaluate the degree of anxiety and hostility of subjects in relation to the Human Genome Project (HGP) developed by Gottschalk and Gleser, an inverse relation between levels of anxiety and level of knowledge was observed which highlights the importance of educating the population. Differences in the level of hostility towards the HGP were also found among the groups.

The social sciences as discourse in reproductive health. The example of female climacteric

Climacteric is constructed by medicine, lay knowledge, and the social sciences. This article examines the interrational models involving these different discourses and proposes that the contribution of the social sciences lies in a reformulation of the cognitive base of the health professions at an integrative level.

LAS DIMENSIONES BIOÉTICAS DE LA VEJEZ

Bioethical dimensions of old age The increase of senior citizens in last decades and the greater longevity of the population will bring a high demand for services in the final stages of life.

El soñar y los artistas

[El sonar y los artistas] Mimi Marinovic Editorial Dolmen Santiago de Chile 1997 140 paginas

Ethical attitudes of Brazilian medical students and graduates with active methodologies

El presente estudio tiene por objeto desarrollar un diagnostico de la insercion integrada de la etica en la carrera demedicina brasilena con una metodologia de aprendizaje basada en problemas y describir las percepciones de actitudes eticas de los estudiantes y egresados. El diseno metodologico es un estudio de caso, descriptivo y documental, con abordaje cualitativo y cuantitativo. La muestra de esta investigacion ha sido constituida por 120 estudiantes y 40 egresados de dos promociones del Curso de Medicina de la ESCS. Este proyecto fue aprobado por el Comite de Etica en Investigacion - SES/DF. Los estudiantes y egresados de la ESCS demostraron un buen manejo en el abordaje de los conflictos eticos y respeto a los pacientes. Sin embargo, el analisis de sensibilidad etica mostro una fragilidad en las percepciones y aptitudes inapropiadas de los estudiantes de la carrera de medicina, identificada basicamente en los anos iniciales, que necesitan mas discusiones sistematizadas sobre los aspectos eticos y bioeticos integrados a las actividades practicas para estimular y fortalecer la reflexion etica de los estudiantes

Bioética global y el problema del medio ambiente

On referring briefly to changes in human relationships over the last fifty years, which have been termed globalization, the essay mentions its positive and negative aspects and contends that economic and industrial development has caused deep changes in the environment. It emphasizes that globalization has ethical implications among other reasons because it affects individuals. The paper then turns to the term bioethics and its overall bases, which respond to regulatory, supervisory, deliberative and interaction imperatives. Finally, it is noted that guiding principles of the dominant form of bioethics are not wholly applicable to its formulation as global bioethics.

Salud Mental Globa: perspectivas socioculturales y éticas

Este número de Acta Bioethica recoge las ponencias presentadas en el simposio que sobre este tema se realizó en la ciudad de Santiago de Chile, los días 11 y 12 de enero de 2016. El tema fue el concepto de salud mental global, examinado desde distintas perspectivas por un conjunto de expertos de Canadá, Perú y Chile. Esta actividad fue parte de un proyecto conjunto entre el Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios en Bioética de la Universidad de Chile y la Universidad McGill, de Montreal, Canadá. Para la producción de este número especial se contó, además, con el apoyo de CONICYT, Chile, Proyecto FP150009.

Situaciones límite en bioética: 15° Aniversario de Acta Bioethica

En este numero de Acta Bioethica agrupamos estudios que interrogan por situaciones en el limite de la experiencia humana: la vejez y la muerte. No deja de producir impresion que de ellas nunca se hable neutralmente. Son e-motivas, es decir, mueven a las personas. Las migraciones de los pueblos antiguos se llamaban e-mociones. Las emociones son movimientos del alma que conmocionan y producen cambios en la forma como se valoran situaciones y personas.

INTERACADEMY COUNCIL/IAP- THE GLOBAL NETWORK OF SCIENCE ACADEMIES, 2012. Responsible Conduct in the Global Research Enterprise: A Policy Report

Este documento parte de la convicción de que existe algo así como un sistema global de investigación científica. Se supone que es un sistema social amplio, laxamente integrado, pero compuesto por investigadores, patrocinadores, beneficiarios, reguladores y participantes (cuando se trata de investigación con sujetos humanos). Las academias de ciencias suelen sostener relaciones protocolares y emitir, de vez en cuando, documentos ilustrativos de su trabajo, empeños y logros.

Ética en investigación biomédica y psicosocial: Experiencia de capacitación en el Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios en Bioética (CIEB) de la Universidad de Chile

This paper reviews the experience in training Latin American professionals and scientists in the ethics of biomedical and psychosocial research at the Interdisciplinary Center for Studies in Bioethics (CIEB) of the University of Chile, aided by a grant from Fogarty International Center (FIC) - National Institutes of Health from 2002 to 2011. In these 10 years of experience, 50 trainees have completed a 12-month training combining on-line and in-person teaching and learning activities, with further support for maintaining contact via webmail and personal meetings. The network formed by faculty and former trainees has published extensively on issues relevant in the continent and has been instrumental in promoting new master level courses at different universities, drafting regulations and norms, and promoting the use of bioethical discourse in health care and research. Evaluation meetings have shown that while most trainees did benefit from the experience and contributed highly to developments at their home institutions and countries, some degree of structuring of demand for qualified personnel is needed in order to better utilize the human resources created by the program. Publications and other deliverables of trainees and faculty are presented.