Fernando Rutz

Desempenho de Frangos de Corte Alimentados com Dietas à Base de Milho e Farelo de Soja, com ou sem Adição de Enzimas

This study was run to evaluate the effect of inclusion of an enzymatic cocktail, containing proteases, amilases and cellulases (Vegpro) in broiler diets. The cocktail was added with the ration of 1 kg per 200 kg of soybean meal. Two thousand and forty female Ross chicks were distributed in eight treatments with seven replicates each. A split-plot experimental design was used. Treatments consisted of T1 ¾ control (no enzyme added), T2 ¾ diet five percent lower in energy, protein and [...]

Desempenho de frangos de corte alimentados com diferentes níveis de farelo de canola

The objective of this experiment was to determine the best level of substitution of soybean meal by canola meal in rations for broilers. Five levels of substitution of soybean meal by canola meal were compared: 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40%. Twelve hundred one-day Ross chicks were used, grouped by sex and weight. Animals were fed rations with 22% of crude protein and 3000kcal ME/kg from 0 to 21 days, 20% of crude protein and 3100kcal ME/kg from 22 to 35 days, and 18% of crude protein and 3150 kcal ME/kg from 36 to 42 days. Feed consumption was reduced from 0 to 21 days and from 36 to 42 days when higher amounts of canola meal were used in the diets. A reduction in weight gain of the broilers was observed only from 0 to 21 days. Feed conversion was improved from 0 to 21 days and from 22 to 35 days. Canola meal can participate in diets for broilers from 22 to 42 days of age in quantities up to 40% of the amount of the soybean meal used.

Respostas Fisiológicas Associadas à Termotolerância em Pintos de Corte de Duas Linhagens por Exposição a Altas Temperaturas

This study was run to evaluate the physiological response and expression of hepatic and brain Hsp70, of 20 Naked neck (Na/na) and Hubbard-Petersen broiler chicks (2 to 5 days of age), exposed or not to 36-37°C. The trial was conducted during four days and the birds were exposed to high temperature during 5 hours. Liver and brain tissue samples were collected at the end of the stress period and analyzed for Western Blotting for determination of Hsp70 level. No association between body weight loss and the other variables were observed. Increasing the variation in cloacal temperature resulted in an increase in Hsp70 hepatic and brain tissue levels. Results indicate that brain Hsp70 levels were correlated with variation in cloacal temperature, concerning the chicks subjected to heat stress, but it can not be stated that it is an indicative of thermotolerance by the birds.

Composição de carcaça de frangos de corte alimentados com farelo de canola

An evaluation of the effects of using canola meal on the carcass composition of broilers was performed. Soybean meal was partially substituted (0, 10, 20, 30, or 40%) by canola meal in the diets. Fourty experimental units of 30 birds each were formed according to the bird=s initial weight and sex. The diets were formulated to contain 22, 20, or 18% of crude protein and 3000, 3100 or 3150kcal of metabolizable energy per kg of diet, and broilers were fed respectively in the periods between 0 and 21, 22 and 35, and 36 and 42 days. On day 42, a bird from each experimental unit was killed and its carcass composition was determined. Carcass protein increased and carcass fat decreased linearly with the amount of canola meal used in the diets. The percentage of carcass fat remained unchanged with the inclusion of canola meal in the diets. Neither carcass yield nor the levels of crude energy and ashes in the carcasses were changed. The use of canola meal in the diets can be recommended because the quality of the carcasses was improved. Quality improvement was achieved without losses in carcass weight or yield.

Adição de bentonita sódica como adsorvente de aflatoxinas em rações de frangos de corte

High concentrations of micotoxins in raw materials, mainly in corn used in poultry rations of food, is an important subject of study due to hazardous problems not only to the animals themselves but also to the producer and to the poultry industry due to the reduction of performance by aflatoxins. Taking into account the lack of efficient tecnique for its elimination, from the feed, an adsorbent was added to the diets in order to reduce the effects of aflatoxins. Nine hundred sixty day old Cobb chicks, distributed in 8 replicates of 20 birds per pen the following treatments: T1=No aflatoxin; T2=3mg kg-1 of aflatoxin; T3=no aflatoxin+0.5% of bentonite; T4=3mg kg-1 of aflatoxin+0,1% of bentonite;T5=3mg kg-1 of aflatoxin+0.3% bentonite and T6=3mg kg-1 aflatoxin+ 0.5% of bentonite. Feed intake, body weight and feed conversion were depressed by aflatoxin in the feed. The addition of bentonite to the feed without aflatoxin did not caused negative effecs to the broilers. In treatments carried out with 3mg kg-1 of aflatoxins, the addition of the adsorbent promoted a better performance of the broilers with best results for those receiving 0.3% of bentonite.

Qualidade de ovos e resistência óssea de poedeiras alimentadas com minerais orgânicos

The effect of increasing levels of organic minerals on the external and internal quality of eggs and tibia bone strength of brown-egg laying hens was studied. A total of 256, 30-week old was equally distributed in 64 cages in a total of four birds per cage in a completely randomized experimental design. The dietary treatments consisted of inorganic or increasing levels of organic minerals in the diets of laying hens, resulting in four treatments. Egg weight (g), specific gravity, shell weight and thickness (mm), albumen height (mm), Haugh unit, yolk weight and albumen (g) and bone strength (kg) were evaluated. A significant difference (P<0.05) among treatment means for egg weight and albumen was found. Intermediate inclusion levels of organic minerals resulted in the production of heavier eggs, with higher albumen weight and maintenance of the other characteristics of internal and external quality of eggs and bone strength.

Modelagem do crescimento e do desenvolvimento de frangos de corte: validação

A model was developed in order to simulate the basal metabolism, deposition of protein in carcass and feathers and carcass fat deposition. The model assumes the existence of a pool of readily available nutrients in the animal body, being the simulation of animal metabolism based on the in and out flow of nutrients of this pool. Nutrients come from feed intake or tissue catabolism, and may be used for maintenance, feather and carcass protein deposition and carcass fat deposition. The simulation process is dynamic, with maintenance and tissue turnover occurring simultaneously. Three data sets were used for calibration, sensibility analysis and validation of model. The model is able to simulate deposition of protein and fat in the carcass and protein in the feathers. However, adjustments are required to match different genotypes, mainly for the rate of maturing of the protein in the carcass (BP), rate of maturing of the protein in the feathers (BF), for the mature weight of the protein in the carcass (WmP) and the mature weight of the protein in the feathers (WmF). The model was especially shown sensitive to these parameters in the sensibility analysis, being highlighted the importance of being correctly determined. The protein deposition in the carcass and in the feathers they presented smaller correlation coefficients (r2) among the observed values and simulated in function of the great variation among genotypes, what reinforces the need to determine the parameters that characterize each genotype correctly.

Genetic parameters for semen traits in a white leghorn strain. 2. Correlation with egg production traits.

The objective of this study was to estimate the genetic correlation between semen (semen volume, sperm motility and spermatozoa concentration) and egg production traits (partial and total egg production, and egg weight) from a White Leghorn strain. In order to obtain semen traits, 698 DD1 strain roosters developed at CNPSA/EMBRAPA were used. The semen were collected at 24, 26 and 28 wk of age, and, to obtain the egg traits, full sisters (average of two sisters per male) were used. According to the obtained results, for the selection to increase the total egg production (rg = .44±.09) and egg weight (rg = .67±.04), the concentration of spermatozoa could be used, when measured at 24 and 26 wk of age, respectively.

INFLUÊNCIA DA ALTURA DE COMEDOUROS TUBULARES NO COMPORTAMENTO INGESTIVO DE FRANGOS DE CORTE

O objetivo deste trabalho foi de verificar o efeito da altura de comedouros tubulares sobre o comportamento de frangos de corte. Foram alojados 880 frangos de corte femeas Ross divididos em 40 boxes (repeticoes) com 22 aves cada (11 aves/m2). Nos boxes, a cama foi de cepilho de madeira, com bebedouros lineares de agua corrente e comedouros tubulares com capacidade para 18 kg de racao. As aves foram submetidas a duas alturas de comedouro em dois periodos diferentes (28-35 dias de idade, comedouro alto (CAL): borda superior do comedouro com 20 cm do solo, comedouro baixo (CB): borda superior com 11 cm do solo; 36 a 42 dias de idade - CAL: borda superior com 25 cm do solo, CB: borda superior com 18 cm do solo). Para verificar a descricao geral do comportamento das aves foi utilizada a tecnica de amostragem instantânea scan sampling e no estudo do comportamento de ingestao das aves (monitorado durante 12 h consecutivas) utilizou-se como ferramenta de registro microcâmeras instaladas simultaneamente em 4 boxes. No teste de preferencia os frangos individualmente ou coletivamente deveriam escolher entre um comedouro alto ou um comedouro baixo disponiveis ao mesmo tempo dentro do box. Foi utilizado um delineamento completamente casualizado sendo que as medias das variaveis respostas foram comparadas atraves do teste t ou estatistica nao parametrica quando necessaria. Os frangos de corte preferem consumir racao em comedouros tubulares regulados a baixa altura. A utilizacao de comedouros baixos reduz a frequencia de visitas ao mesmo, sendo inversamente proporcional ao tempo de ingestao de alimentos, porem sem afetar ao consumo total de racao.

Modelo de simulação do crescimento e desenvolvimento de frangos de corte: descrição e implementação

A model was developed to simulate the basal metabolism, deposition of protein in carcass and feathers, and carcass fat deposition. The model assumes the existence of a pool of readily available nutrients in the animal, simulating metabolism based on the flow of nutrients to and from this pool. Nutrients are originated from feed intake or tissue catabolism, and may be used for maintenance, feather and carcass protein deposition and carcass fat deposition. The simulation process is dynamic, with maintenance and tissue turnover occurring simultaneously. In case energy is insufficient for maintenance, lean and fat tissues are catabolized, and their energy is added to the pool. Nitrogen (N) is also required for maintenance and lean tissue growth. In case of N deficiency, this nutrient is obtained from muscle catabolism. Feather and lean tissue growth is dependent on genetic background and on the largest nutritional limitation (nitrogen or energy) in the nutrient pool. The amount of fat tissue stored depends on the energy available in the pool, being greater when there is excess energy. The effect of sex and different genotypes is expressed through changes in the parameters. The model is able to simulate deposition of protein and fat in the carcass and protein in the feathers.