Fernando Silva Araújo

Compressibilidade do solo e sistema radicular da cana‑de‑açúcar em manejo com e sem controle de tráfego

The objective of this work was to compare the load-carrying capacity of the soil in a mechanically harvested sugarcane area, without burning, in managements with and without controlled traffic farming. Controlled traffic was done adjusting the gauges of tractor and trailer, or adjusting the gauges and using autopilot. Soil samples were collected in volumetric cylinders in plant rows and inter-rows (wheel rows), from 0.00-0.10 and 0.20-0.30-m soil depths. Root density was measured by images, obtained by scanning the collected roots in 0.25x0.10x0.10-m monoliths. The management without controlled traffic showed a higher load‑carrying capacity of the soil in the planting rows, in both soil layers, which indicates a higher compaction. Greater root density occurred in the management with controlled traffic with gauge adjustment and use of autopilot, which made possible a higher load‑carrying capacity in wheel rows, and preserved structural quality in the plant rows, resulting in a greater root system development of sugarcane.

Effects of traffic control on the soil physical quality and the cultivation of sugarcane

SUMMARY The cultivation of sugarcane with intensive use of machinery, especially for harvest, induces soil compaction, affecting the crop development. The control of agricultural traffic is an alternative of management in the sector, with a view to preserve the soil physical quality, resulting in increased sugarcane root growth, productivity and technological quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physical quality of an Oxisol with and without control traffic and the resulting effects on sugarcane root development, productivity and technological quality. The following managements were tested: no traffic control (NTC), traffic control consisting of an adjustment of the track width of the tractor and sugarcane trailer (TC1) and traffic control consisting of an adjustment of the track width of the tractor and trailer and use of an autopilot (TC2). Soil samples were collected (layers 0.00-0.10; 0.10-0.20 and 0.20-0.30 m) in the plant rows, inter-row center and seedbed region, 0.30 m away from the plant row. The productivity was measured with a specific weighing scale. The technological variables of sugarcane were measured in each plot. Soil cores were collected to analyze the root system. In TC2, the soil bulk density and compaction degree were lowest and total porosity and macroporosity highest in the plant row. Soil penetration resistance in the plant row, was less than 2 MPa in TC1 and TC2. Soil aggregation and total organic carbon did not differ between the management systems. The root surface and volume were increased in TC1 and TC2, with higher productivity and sugar yield than under NTC. The sugarcane variables did not differ between the managements.

Atributos químicos e estoques de carbono em Latossolo sob plantio direto no cerrado do Piauí

No-tillage adoption has been considered a viable alternative for sustainable soil use. This work aimed to evaluate the influence of no-tillage system with different times of adoption and conventional tillage on chemical attributes and carbon stocks in an Oxisol of the savannah of Piaui in Northeastern Brazil. Soil samples in the 0-5, 5-10, 10-20 and 20-40 cm layers were collected in conventional tillage (CT) no-tillage (NT) with 2 (NT2), 4 (NT4) and 6 (NT6) years of adoption and native forest (NF). The following chemical properties were evaluated: pH, extractable P, exchangeable cations, Al, potential acidity (H+Al), total organic carbon (TOC) and microbial biomass carbon (Cmic). NT adoption increased pH, extractable P and exchangeable cations contents. Compared to conventional tillage, TOC and Cmic stocks increased 34 and 99% (NT2), 47 and 92% (NT4) and 61 and 108% (NT6), respectively, in the superficial layer (0-20 cm). No-tillage adoption improves chemical attributes and increases total organic carbon and microbial carbon and its continuous use contributes to soil quality in savannah soils of Piaui state.

Atributos físicos do solo e intervalo hídrico ótimo de um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico sob controle de tráfego agrícola

The adoption of mechanized harvesting associated to the sugarcane handling system generates ground compaction which affects the water availability to the plants. The recent handling technique named traffic control is viewed as an alternative for sugarcane mechanization, in which traffic space is separated from plant growing spaces, concentrating the tires path in delimited lines. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of traffic control in areas cultivated with sugarcane, regarding the soil physical quality, and the mechanical harvesting system with no straw burning (raw sugarcane). The project was developed in area cultivated with sugarcane including the following treatments: with traditional mechanized harvesting; with traffic control - augmented span; with traffic control - augmented span and automatic driving. The soil physical attributes evaluated were the density, the macro and microporosity in layers from 0.00-0.10, 0.10-0.20 and 0.20-0.30m deep, in the row in entrerrodado under the wheels of sugarcane culture , as well as the least Limiting water range from 0.00 to 0.20m depth. The research was carried under a tri-factorial experimental design, with parcels subdivided into random block-type delineation. The minimum limiting water range verified that the management systems with traffic control had presented grater water availability to sugarcane crop.

Produção e qualidade de tomates cereja fertirrigados com água residuária da piscicultura

The aim of this work was to evaluate the production and the quality of fertirrigated cherry tomatoes with pisciculture wastewater with and without probiotics. The experiment was conducted in pots, under ambient conditions protected by 50% sombrite. The experimental design was a completely randomized design with four treatments and four replicates, the experimental unit consisting of thirty-two plants. Four water slides were tested: water; water from fish farms without the use of probiotics; water with probiotic and probiotic pisciculture wastewater. Probiotic addition was performed every 48 hours, with 0,5 g of probiotic containing at least 5x10 9 billion colony forming units per viable gram for every 8 L of water, each plant receiving 1 L of water manually in the morning. The soil used in the experiment to fill the vessels was classified as a NEOSOLO QUARTZARENIC dystrophic sandy texture caatinga stage, mixed with organic compound. The results showed that there was no difference between treatments for yield, number of fruits, fruit weight and pH. The treatment of water with probiotic was the one that presented lower acidity and better relation SST / ATT. The reuse of fish water with and without addition of the probiotic for fertirrigation of the cherry tomato crop did not interfere in the fruit production.