Feyza Ulkur

Effects of fixed functional therapy on tongue and hyoid positions and posterior airway

OBJECTIVE To evaluate how therapy with a fixed functional appliance affects airway dimensions, dentoalveolar changes, and tongue and hyoid positions. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective study was carried out on 46 pre- and posttreatment lateral cephalometric radiographs of 23 post-peak Class II patients (12 girls, 11 boys) treated with a Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device (FRD) appliance. The radiographies were taken at the start and at the end of Forsus FRD appliance therapy when a Class I or overcorrected Class I canine and molar relationship was achieved. The process took an average of 5 months 13 days ± 1 month 4 days. Skeletal and dental parameters were measured using Dolphin software, and the sagittal airway area was measured by AutoCAD software. RESULTS Analyses of the pre- and posttreatment means revealed that there was no statistically significant skeletal correction of the sagittal malocclusion; increase of lower incisor inclination, decrease of upper incisor inclination, decrease of interincisal angle, and rotation of occlusal plane all contributed to the reduction of overjet. The tongue area and intermaxillary space area increased in response to these dentoalveolar changes; however, there was no statistically significant change in the hyoid position or the oropharyngeal area between the two time points. CONCLUSIONS The dentoalveolar changes produced by Forsus FRD appliance did not cause any significant posterior airway changes in young adult patients.

The effects of three different mouth rinses in a 4-day supragingival plaque regrowth study

Objective: This study compares the effects of three different mouth rinses with respect to reducing Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) colony counts on the teeth and tongue surfaces. Materials and Methods: In this study, comparison tests using the alcohol-free 0.1% chlorhexidine mouth rinse, alcohol-containing essential oil mouth rinse, and alcohol-free essential oil-containing mouth rinse were conducted. Patients were instructed to avoid mechanical cleaning with either a toothbrush or toothpick for 4 days. The first samples were collected from teeth surfaces and the dorsum of the tongue after a professional cleaning, and the second samples were collected after a 4-day plaque re-growth period. The supragingival plaque from the buccal surfaces of teeth #11, 14, 31, 34 as well as samples from the dorsum of the tongue, were assessed using the Dentocult® strips. Results: The Listerine® and Ondrohexidine® groups did not show any statistically significant differences between the values of the two samples (P = 0.734, P = 0.307). The MC® group and the control group showed significantly higher results than the first sample values. The effectiveness of the mouth rinses on S. mutans colony counts from the teeth surfaces were higher in the Listerine® , Ondrohexidine® , and Mouthwash Concentrate® groups. The difference between the first and second samples of the S. mutans colony counts from the tongue surface was found to be statistically significant, and S. mutans colony counts were higher than the first sample (P = 0.015). Conclusion: Alcohol and essential oil-containing Listerine® mouth rinse, alcohol-free Ondrohexidine® , alcohol-free essential oil-containing MC® mouth rinse had the same effect on S. mutans counts, higher than the 1% alcohol solution on teeth surface. They had the ability to maintain the S. mutans counts at the same level for 4 days in patients who did not perform any mechanical oral hygiene regimen.

The genetic basis of dental anomalies and its relation to orthodontics

The interruption of odontogenesis by any etiological factor may result in dental anomalies. Apart from the environmental factors, the impact of genetics in dental anomalies was found to be a factor in different levels. Many authors had questioned a common genetic defect resulting in different phenotypic conditions such as absent, malformed, malposed or ectopic teeth. Because the multidisciplinary treatment of these dental anomalies such as hypodontia, impaction etc., involves orthodontic intervention, orthodontists must be aware of the etiology and possible correlative conditions with dental anomalies.

In Vitro Effects of Two Topical Varnish Materials and Er:YAG Laser Irradiation on Enamel Demineralization around Orthodontic Brackets

The aim of this in vitro was to evaluate the effects of tricalcium phosphate (TCP) and amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) containing varnish materials and Er:YAG laser irradiation on enamel demineralization around orthodontic brackets. Forty extracted human premolar teeth were randomly divided into four treatment groups (i.e., 10 in each group): (1) 5% NaF-ACP varnish, (2) 5% NaF-TCP varnish, (3) Er:YAG laser, and (4) control (no treatment). Er:YAG laser was operated at a wavelength of 2.94 μm and the energy output was 80 mJ per pulse; a pulse duration of 200 μsec and and a frequency of 2 Hz were used with water cooling. All samples were then put into pH cycles. Surface microhardness values and representative SEM images were assessed. Surface microhardness values were evaluated using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. The results revealed that demineralization was significantly lower in the TCP and ACP varnish groups, whereas mean surface microhardness values of the TCP varnish were found higher than the ACP (P < 0.05). TCP and ACP varnish materials were found effective for reducing enamel demineralization around orthodontic brackets. Use of Er:YAG laser irradiation as described in this study for inhibition of demineralization was found not satisfactory.

Maxillary buccal cortical plate inclination at mini-screw insertion sites

OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether buccal cortical bone inclination varies for the maxillary alveolar processes of adult patients with decreased, normal, and increased facial heights. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cone-beam computed tomography images of 135 adult patients, including 49 hypodivergent subjects (26 women, 23 men), 40 hyperdivergent subjects (24 women, 16 men), and 46 normodivergent (25 women, 21 men) were analyzed. Cortical bone inclination measurements were made relative to the occlusal plane. Cross-sectional slices of the maxilla were taken at interdental sites from the distal aspect of maxillary canine to the mesial aspect of maxillary second molar. RESULTS Analysis of variance indicated significant differences (P < .05) between the angles formed by the line tangent to the cortical bone and the occlusal plane among the vertical facial types for the regions between canine and first premolar and between second premolar and first molar at miniscrew insertion sites. CONCLUSION The results of this study indicate that vertical facial pattern should be taken into consideration when adjusting the insertion angle of miniscrews at the maxillary buccal region.

Metal ion release from silver soldering and laser welding caused by different types of mouthwash

OBJECTIVE To compare metal ion release from samples welded with silver soldering and laser welding when immersed into mouthwashes with different ingredients. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 72 samples were prepared: 36 laser welded and 36 silver soldered. Four samples were chosen from each subgroup to study the morphologic changes on their surfaces via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Each group was further divided into four groups where the samples were submerged into mouthwash containing sodium fluoride (NaF), mouthwash containing sodium fluoride + alcohol (NaF + alcohol), mouthwash containing chlorhexidine (CHX), or artificial saliva (AS) for 24 hours and removed thereafter. Subsequently, the metal ion release from the samples was measured with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The metal ion release among the solutions and the welding methods were compared. The Kruskal-Wallis and analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests were used for the group comparisons, and post hoc Dunn multiple comparison test was utilized for the two group comparisons. RESULTS The level of metal ion release from samples of silver soldering was higher than from samples of laser welding. Furthermore, greater amounts of nickel, chrome, and iron were released from silver soldering. With regard to the mouthwash solutions, the lowest amounts of metal ions were released in CHX, and the highest amounts of metal ions were released in NaF + alcohol. SEM images were in accord with these findings. CONCLUSIONS The laser welding should be preferred over silver soldering. CHX can be recommended for patients who have welded appliances for orthodontic reasons.

Interdisciplinary orthognathic treatment of high angle class III malocclusion

For Class III adult patients, combined treatment strategy must be followed which includes either further dentoalveolar compensation or orthognathic surgery following decompensation of the teeth. This case report presents the interdisciplinary approach of a skeletal Class III malocclusion with increased vertical facial dimension, occlusal cant, extracted posterior teeth on the right upper and left lower segments, extensive restorations, and total circular crossbite. The orthodontic alignment took 10 months. LeFort 1 osteotomy with 7 mm advancement, 5 mm impaction on the left side, 3 mm impaction on the right side and 2 mm rotation for midline correction toward the left side, 3 mm set-back of mandible with bilateral sagittal split osteotomy were done. The surgery simulation, postoperative and 2-year follow-up records were compatible. The treatment was finalized in a straight profile with stable occlusion and good smile characteristics without airway disturbance.

Orthodontic Care of Cleidocranial Dysplasia Patients

ABSTRACT Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is a rare congenital deformity inherited as an autosomal genetic trait with the prevalence of 1:1,000,000. It is characterized by dental defomities such as retained primary teeth, presence of supernumerary teeth, skeletal dicrepancy, malocclusion and retarded/absence of eruption of permanent teeth. The orthodontist take part in the team for patients with CCD to resolve the eruption delay of permanent teeth and correct skeletal discrepancies. The aim of this review is to discuss the history, genetic backgrounds, clinical and dental features, different dental treatment approaches and orthodontic management of CCD. (Turkish J Orthod 2015;28:31–37)

Treatment of Class II Maxillary Retrusion Case Using Miniscrew (Nonextraction Treatment of Adolescent Patient)

ABSTRACT Objective: This case report describes the protocol employed in the treatment of a patient with Class II subdivision malocclusion, with sagittal, transverse, and occlusal disharmonies. Materials and Methods: Treatment included the expansion of the maxilla with a banded Hyrax appliance over a period of 14 days. After a retention period, the device was removed and a stainless steel transpalatal arch was attached. The maxillary arch was bonded with MBT prescription brackets, and distalization of the left maxillary first molar commenced on a 0.016 × 0.022-inch stainless steel archwire supported by a miniscrew for indirect anchorage. After 4.7 mm of molar distalization, a Nance appliance with a bite plane was placed, and the mandibular arch was bonded to continue treatment, which lasted 18 months. Mandibular and maxillary fixed retainers were placed at the end of active treatment. Results: Pretreatment and posttreatment records showed that vertical and sagittal skeletal cephalometric findings were stab...