Filiz Karaosmanoglu

The Engine Tests of Biodiesel from Used Frying Oil

Biodiesel is an environmentally friendly and a renewable alternative diesel fuel that can be used in diesel engines with little or no modification. Used frying oil is one of the raw materials which can be used for biodiesel production. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of used frying oil originated from biodiesel on engine performance and emissions in a Fiat Doblo 1.9 DS, four-cylinder, four-stroke, 46 kW power capacity diesel engine. Comparative measurements with no. 2 diesel fuel were conducted on both engine power and emission characteristics of each of the fuel used. Biodiesel, when compared to no. 2 diesel fuel, showed reduction in wheel force over 3.35% and it also reduced the wheel power by over 2.03%. In the acceleration tests, 40–100 km/h and 60–100 km/h acceleration periods were measured and a reduction of 7.32% and 8.78% were observed, respectively. According to emission tests, as a result of biodiesel consumption, a reduction of 8.59% in CO emission and an increase of 2.62% were observed in CO2 emission. Also, NOx emissions increased by 5.03% as a result of biodiesel consumption. HC emissions and particulate emissions have a significant effect on air pollution. As a result of biodiesel usage, HC and particulate emissions decreased by 30.66% and 63.33%, respectively. When the fuel consumption amounts are compared, it was observed that biodiesel consumption was 2.43% less than that of no. 2 diesel fuel. These emission engine test results show that biodiesel is a more environment friendly fuel than no. 2 diesel fuel.

Biofuel production using slow pyrolysis of the straw and stalk of the rapeseed plant

Amongst the renewable alternative energy sources, biomass has a large potential for commercial usage. Pyrolysis is the most important among the thermal conversion processes of biomass. In this study, slow pyrolysis of the straw and stalk of the rapeseed plant was investigated within a tubular reactor under the conditions of static atmosphere, varying temperatures of 350°, 450°, 550° and 650°C and at heating rates of 10°C min−1 and 30°C min−1. The maximum liquid yield was observed to be evolving at 650°C pyrolysis temperature and at a heating rate of 30°C min−1. The various characteristics of pyrolytic oil obtained under these conditions were identified. Following the chemical characterization, the pyrolytic oil originated from the straw and stalk of the rapeseed plant is presented as a biofuel candidate.

Vegetable Oil Fuels: A Review

Using vegetable oils as fuel alternatives has economic, environmental, and energy benefits for Turkey. The present work provides insight to the status of vegetable oil fuels in Turkey. A brief historical background of the issue, as well as an up to date review of the research carried out on vegetable oil fuels, is given and the future of their production and application is discussed.

LONG TERM CI ENGINE TEST OF SUNFLOWER OIL

Oil seed plants have been one of the biomass sources of fuel. Vegetable oils may be employed in CI engines as an alternative fuel. In this study, diesel fuel properties of sunflower oil were determined and long term engine tests of sunflower oil were performed. Engine tests were conducted at a speed of 1600 rpm under part load condition for 50 h with a single-cylinder (volume: 1007 cm3) direct injection, air cooled diesel engine, having a bore/stroke ratio of 108:110 mm. An overall evaluation of results indicates that the sunflower oil can be proposed as a possible candidate for diesel fuel.

Methyl ester from safflower seed oil of Turkish origin as a biofuel for diesel engines.

The primary problems associated with the use of pure vegetable oils as fuels in compression ignition (Diesel) engines are caused by high fuel viscosity. Transesterification of the oil with short-chain alcohols (such as methanol or ethanol) to corresponding fatty esters is the most promising solution to the high-viscosity problem. In this work, the transesterification method was applied to crude safflower seed oil of Turkish origin using methanol. The variables affecting the monoester yield, such as:1.Molar ratio of alcohol to vegetable oil;2.Reaction temperature; and3.Type and amount of alkali catalyst usedwere investigated. In the presence of 1.0 wt% KOH as the reaction catalyst, 97.7% ester yield was achieved within 18 min at a reaction temperature of 69 ± 1‡C using 1:7 vegetable oil-alcohol molar ratio. A significant improvement was observed in viscosity and other physical properties with the ester product compared to the parent vegetable oil. ASTM fuel properties of the methyl ester product were in accordance with those obtained for commercial Grade No.2-D diesel fuel.

Used Sunflower Oil as an Alternative Fuel for Diesel Engines

Used sunflower oil was blended with grade No. 2-D diesel fuel at a ratio of 20 / 80 (v / v). The fuel blend was tested in a diesel engine with a precombustion chamber at speeds between 1200 and 2100 rpm. The fuel blend and the diesel fuel were rated according to standard test methods. It was found that for short-term use the fuel blend has characteristics similar to those of the baseline diesel fuel and that it displayed less smoke emission than the diesel fuel.

Using of Cottonseed Oil as An Environmentally Accepted Lubricant Additive

At the present time, to minimize friction and to control wear in machines elements are used with lubricating oil manufactured by advanced technologies. The high performance of lubricating oils is provided by oil additives. Additives improve the lubricating ability of the base oils by either enhancing the desirable properties, which is already present, or obtaining new properties. The decreasing of the worlds finite resources of mineral oil and the increasing environmental awareness have increased investigations about new environmental lubricant and additive candidates. Cottonseed oil (CSO) with Turkish origin was studied as an additive candidate in the presented study. Investigation of the effect of CSO addition to base oil on the friction coefficient was aimed in the journal bearing under static loading at ambient room temperature (25°C). Tests was performed by using base oil (SAE 20W50) alone and lubricating oil at concentration ratios 2.5, 5, and 10 vl % additives as CSO at five different speeds and three different loads. The experimental study clearly showed that the CSO could be used as an additive of friction modifier.

Fuel properties of cottonseed oil

The use of vegetable oils as fuel alternatives has an exceptional importance in the field of research. In this study, evaluation possibilities of cottonseed oil have been investigated as an alternative candidate for diesel fuel and fuel oil. The fuel property tests were performed according to standard analysis methods for oil and fuel. An overall evaluation of the results indicates that cottonseed oil can be proposed as a possible green substitute for fuel.

Alternative Diesel Fuel Study on Four Different Types of Vegetable Oils of Turkish Origin

Four different types of vegetable oils of Turkish origin (sunflower, com, soybean, and olive oil) were blended with grade 2-D diesel fuel at a ratio of 20/80 (v/v). Blends were investigated in a diesel engine with a precombustion chamber at speeds between 1200 and 2100 rpm. Vegetable oils, diesel fuel, and fuel blends were characterized according to standard test methods. It was found that for short-term use, the fuel blends have engine characteristics similar to the, baseline diesel fuel. Fuel blends also display less smoke emissions than diesel fuel.

Performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine operating on safflower seed oil methyl ester

This study focused on the evaluation and testing of safflower seed oil methyl ester as a diesel fuel alternative. The kinematic viscosity and ASTM fuel properties of the methyl ester fuel were within the limits specified for Grade No.2-D diesel fuel. Engine tests were performed on a four-cylinder, direct-injection CI engine using methyl ester and reference diesel fuel; engine performance and exhaust emission characteristics were determined. Safflower seed oil methyl ester revealed similar engine performance characteristics to the reference Grade No.2-D diesel fuel. Lower CO and HC emissions were obtained when methyl ester was used, and the negligible amount of sulfur content was an additional advantage of methyl ester over diesel fuel.