Fiorella Monti

The use of infant observation in nursery (0-3 years)

Abstract Observation training, according to the infant observation model (Bick 1964) started in 1995 in the kindergartens of Forlimpopoli, Meldola, Castrocaro Terme, Terra del Sole and S. Sofia, all municipalities around Forlì. Two groups have been formed, meeting once a month for two and a half hours, both including teachers from two kindergartens. The groups are small (8–10 people), to facilitate the sharing of experiences and creating a good work alliance. Observations focus on the interactive behaviour of the child when entering or leaving the nursery school, when feeding, sleeping, playing, or at story-time. While working at the nursery the teacher finds space and time to observe the child, then a space–time to write his/her observations following the movement of the recalled scenes and at last, a third space–time made up of a group of teachers who read and discuss the observations together with a supervisor. Therefore, within the work group, there is a more and more complex reading and comprehension of the observational data: these transformation circuits come back to the adult–child relational field, giving the adult the possibility to give a name to confused moods and to formless communications, so as to make access to the representation of experiences easier for the child.

Modalità di parto a confronto: impatto psicologico del parto spontaneo e del taglio cesareo

It Lo studio ha lo scopo di mettere in evidenza le conseguenze psicologiche del parto spontaneo e del taglio cesareo a breve distanza dal parto, includendo anche il confronto legato alla parita (primipare e pluripare). A 249 donne (157 con parto spontaneo, 92 con taglio cesareo) sono stati somministrati, al secondo e terzo giorno dopo il parto, CES-D, SQ e SCL-90-R. I risultati evidenziano che le donne che hanno partorito spontaneamente hanno ottenuto un punteggio maggiore, rispetto alle donne con un taglio cesareo, nelle dimensioni ossessione-compulsione e ansia fobica (SCL-90-R). Le donne pluripare che hanno avuto un taglio cesareo riportano il punteggio piu alto nei sintomi depressivi (CE,%D), sintomi somatici (SQ), somatizzazione, depressione, ideazione paranoie (SCL-90-R); le donne primipare che hanno partorito spontaneamente riportano il punteggio piu alto rispetto a ossessione-compulsione, ansia fobica (SCL-90- R). E possibile rilevare come, in confronto alla modalita taglio cesareo, senza considerare la parita, il parto spontaneo porti a maggiori vissuti negativi mentre, al ripetersi dell’evento parto (condizione di pluriparita), la modalita attiva del parto spontaneo sia preferibile e fattore protettivo rispetto a quella passiva del taglio cesareo che diviene fattore di rischio. En The aim of this work was to put in evidente the psychological consequencesnof spontaneous birth and Cesarean section, a short time after hildbirth, including comparison between primipara and multiparous. On the second or third day after childbirth, CES-D, SQ e SCL-90-R were administered to 249 women (157 with spontaneous birth and 92 with Cesarean section). Results: women with spontaneous birth had higher scores in obsession-compulsion and phobic anxiety domains (SCL-90-R). Multiparous women with Cesarean section had the highest scores for depression (CES-D), somatic symtpoms (SQ), somatization, depression, paranoid ideation (SCL-90-R); primipara women with spontaneous birth showed the highest rates in obsession-compulsion and phobic anxiety domains (SCL-90-R). It seems that spontaneous birth, compared to Cesarean section and without considering the comparison between primipara and multiparous, leads to negative consequences while, in case of multiparous women,attive spontaneous birth may be a preferable and protettive factor, compared to passive Cesarean section, that becomes a risk factor.