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Petrology and geochemistry of eclogites from the Biga Peninsula, Northwest Turkey

The Biga Peninsula in northwest Turkey contains high-pressure metabasic eclogite that occur in two localities; as lenses within a 2 km long, 500 m thick quartz-phengite schist slice that is in turn found in the greenschist-facies metasedimentary rocks of the Çamlıca metamorphics, in Çamlıca area, and in two north-south elongated eclogites occurring as a tectonic slice between Kazdağ Massif and Çetmi Group, in Çetmi area. The P-T conditions under which these two exposures of eclogites formed are important to quantify the tectonic processes of subduction, exhumation and emplacement that high-pressure rocks of the Biga Peninsula record. New geochemical data suggest that both protoliths were N-type MORB basalt with high TiO2 and K2O–Na2O content and Nb/Y ratios. Most eclogite samples have tholeiitic signatures volcanic arc settings. ∑REE abundances range from 47.55 to 107.4 ppm. Europium anomalies are slightly variable (Eu/Eu* = 0.9–1.1) and trace element contents are similar to typical MORB based on tectonic discrimination diagrams. All eclogite protoliths were probably derived from depleted mantle source, modified by fluids within the subduction zone. The high-P mineral assemblage in eclogites from both regions is omphacite + garnet + glaucophane + phengite + epidote + zoisite + quartz. The inclusions in garnet are glaucophane, quartz, phengite, Ca-amphibole and rutile. P-T conditions are similar to each other and constrained at 550–700 °C and 16–24 kbar. Geochemical data and mineral chemistry indicate that the eclogites in the Biga Peninsula represent oceanic crust processed at significant depths (50–80 km) within the subduction channel and were juxtaposed with greenschist facies as a tectonic slice in the accretionary complex at higher structural levels.

U-Pb zircon geochronology of northern metamorphic massifs in the Biga Peninsula (NW Anatolia-Turkey): new data and a new approach to understand the tectonostratigraphy of the region

Metamorphic massifs of the Biga Peninsula can be divided into two approximately ENE–WSW-trending belts. It is believed that these two belts represent two different tectonic zones separated by a NE-trending Alpine ophiolitic suture. The Sakarya Zone lies to the S–SE of this Alpine suture, and consists of the Kazdağ metamorphic complex which is tectonically overlain by the Permo-Triassic Karakaya Complex. The metamorphic rocks, as an Alpine edifice located N–NW of the suture, have been assigned to the Rhodope and Serbo-Macedonian massifs of Bulgaria and Greece. The northern metamorphic belt is represented by the Karadağ Massif in the west, which has been evaluated as a different unit from the others, the Karabiga Massif in the east and the Çamlıca Massif between them. All three massifs are mapped in detail in light of previous studies and LA–ICP–MS U-Pb zircon dating was applied to stratigraphically compare them. Contrary to previous studies, our data indicate that the basement metamorphic associations in these three areas show similar characteristics concerning their stratigraphical and lithological aspects and also spatial distribution of their outcrops. U-Pb LA–ICP–MS dating of zircons from the three individual metamorphic massifs yielded the following data: maximum sedimentation ages of the protolith of mica schists in the range of 559 ± 17 to 582 ± 30 Ma; crystallisation age of the protolith of metavolcanic rocks of 577 ± 20 Ma; and crystallisation age of the protolith of eclogites at 565 ± 9 Ma. These ages clearly show that the metamorphic units of the northern massifs are comparable to each other. Also, the U-Pb zircon concordia diagrams from these three metamorphic massifs show remarkably similar patterns. In addition to the similar maximum sedimentation ages for all mica schists with crystallisation ages of the protoliths of the metabasic rocks, there are two major complex tectono-thermal overprints (episodic lead loss events), at c. 330–300 Ma (Variscan?) and c. 100–10 Ma (Alpine and late Alpine?), respectively. Field mapping and analytical data indicate that the basement rocks of the northern massifs in the Biga Peninsula have a correlative Late Ediacaran to Early Cambrian stratigraphic range. In part, Permian strata unconformably overlie basement rocks in the Karadağ Massif. Both tectono-thermal events are demonstrated by coeval episodic lead loss of many zircons in all samples from all areas. Finally, the results of this research do not support an Alpine suture between the two metamorphic belts of the Biga Peninsula. Therefore, the geological evolution of the region might require reevaluation.

Application of The Titanium-In-Quartz Thermobarometer to Eclogites from The Biga Peninsula, NW Turkey

Eclogites crop out in the Camlica metamorphics and beneath the Cetmi melange as a tectonic slice in the Biga Peninsula in northwest Turkey. The Camlica metamorphics occur in the westernmost part of the Biga Peninsula and are tectonically separated from the Denizgoren ophiolite in the west by the Ovacik fault. The Cetmi melange found on the southern part of the Biga Peninsula is mainly composed of various types of blocks within a detritic matrix. The high-P assemblages in eclogite consist of omphacite + garnet + epidote + glaucophane + quartz + phengite. Typical accessory minerals are rutile, zircon and sphene. Ti-in-quartz thermobarometer (TitaniQ) was applied on eclogites from the Biga Peninsula. The P-T dependencies of Ti-in-quartz solubility can be combined with P-T dependencies of Zr-in-rutile solubility to estimate pressure and temperature of crystallization. Titanium concentrations in quartz from the Camlica metamorphics range from 0.26 to 0.91 ppm. Zirconium concentrations in rutile range from 26 to 64 ppm. However, Ti contents in quartz from the Cetmi melange vary from 0.47 to 2.19 ppm. Zr contents in rutile range between 50 and 150 ppm. Regional high-P metamorphism with peak conditions of 551 ± 5 oC and 21.5 ± 0.3 kbar in eclogite from the Camlica region and 624 ± 17 oC and 22.6 ± 1.6 kbar in eclogite from the Cetmi region. Ti- in-quartz thermobarometer gives precise and comprehensible pressure and temperature values when using the Zr-in-rutile thermobarometer, which could be an advantage over classical methods.