Fisun Koc

Effects of Enterococcus faecium and dried whey on broiler performance, gut histomorphology and intestinal microbiota.

Abstract The experiment was conducted to study the effects of supplementing a broiler starter diet with the probiotic Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 10415 and dried whey (80% lactose) on chick performance, gut histomorphology and intestinal microbiota. One-day-old male Ross 308 strain broiler chickens were fed diets containing: (i) control feed, (ii) control + 3.5% dried whey, (iii) control + 0.2%E. faecium, and (iv) control + 3.5% dried whey + 0.2%E. faecium. Birds were maintained in battery brooders confined in an environmentally controlled experimental room. The experiment lasted for 21 days. Birds fed E. faecium or E. faecium + dried whey exhibited significantly improved weight gain and feed conversion rate (FCR). Weight gain and FCR of treatment groups 1 – 4 were 628.7, 657.8, 690.9, 689.3 and 1.218, 1.193, 1.107, 1.116, respectively. Lactic acid bacteria counts in both the ileal content and excreta were significantly affected by dietary treatment. Supplementation of the E. faecium and dried whey separately and in combination increased lactic acid bacteria colonization in the ileal content from 4.2 to 5.0, 7.8 and to 5.1 log cfu/g, respectively (treatments 1 – 4). Similarly, supplementation of dried whey and E. faecium separately and in combination increased lactic acid bacteria in the excreta from 5.3 to 5.5, 8.0 and to 7.2 log cfu/g, respectively. Addition of the probiotic E. faecium increased villus height in the ileum (p < 0.05). Thus, supplementation of E. faecium enhanced broiler chick performance with respect to weight gain and FCR. No additive effect of E. faecium and dried whey was detected. Further studies are needed to investigate the relationship between E. faecium and dried whey with respect to gut histomorphology.

Effects of Enterococcus faecium supplementation and floor type on performance, morphology of erythrocytes and intestinal microbiota in broiler chickens

1. The experiment was to study the effects of floor type and probiotic supplementation (Enterococcus faecium) on performance, morphology of erythrocytes and intestinal microbiota of male Ross 308 broiler chickens. 2. The experimental design was a factorial 2 × 2 with 6 replicates. The factors were floor type (wire floor versus wood shaving litter) and the presence or absence of probiotic. 3. Birds housed on wood shavings exhibited significantly improved weight gain and food intake. 4. Addition of E. faecium led to significantly decreased food intake and gizzard weight. Supplementation with E. faecium positively influenced the ileal and caecal microbiota, with a significant decrease in the population of Escherichia coli. 5. Erythrocyte length decreased and erythrocyte width increased in the birds housed on wood shavings.

Effects of mannanoligosaccharide and/or organic acid mixture on performance, blood parameters and intestinal microbiota of broiler chicks

Abstract The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of organic acid mixture and/or mannanoligosaccharides (MOS) on growth performance, blood parameters and intestinal microbiota in 120 Ross 308 male broiler chicks, over a period of 21 days. Birds were maintained in battery brooders confined in an environmentally controlled experimental room. There were 4 dietary treatments, each consisting of 6 replicates. Dietary treatments were: (i) basal diet (as a control), (ii) basal diet + MOS 2 kg/ton feed, (iii) basal diet + organic acid mixture 3 kg/ton feed and (iv) basal diet + MOS 2 kg/ton feed + organic acid mixture 3 kg/ton feed. Weight gain of the broilers in this study was significantly influenced by the addition of organic acid mixture (P<0.01). The lowest feed intake and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were detected in the MOS supplemented groups (P<0.05). Erythrocyte length (EL) was significantly increased in MOS + organic acid mixture fed groups (P<0.05). In ileal digesta, lactic acid bacteria counts increased in MOS + organic acid mixture fed groups (P<0.001). Otherwise, E. coli counts decreased in MOS, organic acid mixture and MOS + organic acid mixture fed groups compared to control groups (P<0.001). In caecal digesta, lactic acid bacteria counts increased (P<0.001), whereas E. coli numbers decreased compared to control groups (P<0.001).

The effects of temperature on the silage microbiology and aerobic stability of corn and vetch-grain silages

Abstract The purpose of the current work was to extend the study of the effect of temperature on silage microbiology, with or without formic acid, and on the aerobic stability of corn and vetch-grain silages. The silage samples were ensiled in 1.0-l anaerobic jars, with and without formic acid, at room (20°C) or elevated temperatures (30–37°C). After 45 days of ensiling, the silages were subjected to an aerobic stability test at room (20°C) and elevated (30–37°C) temperatures. The most intensive deterioration occurred at 30–37°C. Samples incubated at 30–37°C had the highest yeast and mould count, most prolific CO2 production. The finding of the current study suggests that formic acid may decrease mould growth in silage samples. Unfortunately, formic acid does not reduce aerobic deterioration rate of silages. Applying a 5 g/kg formic acid on corn and vetch-grain silages was not very effective at high temperatures.

Effect of addition of a commercial organic acid mixture on feed microbiology according to duration and conditions of storage

Abstract The present study investigated the relationship between addition of a commercial organic acid mixture to feed and feed microbiology. Feedstuffs’ composition and duration, temperature and humidity of feed storage were taken into account. The evaluated organic mixture contained formic acid, ammonium formate, propionic acid, ammonium propionate and inorganic phyllosilicate carrier. Microbiological changes were investigated in five types of feed using a 2×2×2 factorial design: organic acid addition (with/without), conditions of storage (22°C and 57% relative humidity (HR)/41°C and 65% HR) and storage duration (30/60 days). Supplementation of the organic acid mixture has positive effect on feed microbiology.

The Effect of Oregano and Cinnamon Essential Oils on Fermentation Quality and Aerobic Stability of Field Pea Silages.

This study was performed to determine the effect of field pea silages which were the organic acid (OA) alternative of oregano and cinnamon essential oils on fermentation quality and aerobic stability. Whole crop pea was harvested at full pod stage and wilted in the laboratory at the 48 h. The chopped pea was mixed and divided into equal portions allocated to five groups: CON (non-treated), distilled water, denoted as control group; OA group, a mixture of 60% formic acid, 20% sodium formate and 20% water applied at a rate of 5 g/kg fresh forage (Silofarm Liquid, Farmavet); origanum (ORE) group, Origanum onites essential oil at 400 mg/kg fresh forage; cinnamon (CIN) group, cinnamon essential oil at 400 mg/kg fresh forage; origanum+cinnamon (ORECIN) group, a mixture of ORE and CIN applied at an equal rate of 400 mg/kg fresh forage. Cinnamon decreased acetic acid (AA), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and weight loss (WL) at the end of 60 days silage. Crude protein (CP) and dry matter (DM) increased by cinnamon essential oil. Yeasts were not detected in any treatments, including the control, after 7 days of air exposure. The CO2 amount decreased and the formation mold was inhibited in the aerobic period by the addition of cinnamon oil. Oregano did not show a similar effect, but when it was used with cinnamon, it showed synergic effect on AA and during aerobic period, it showed antagonistic effect on mold formation and DM losses. It was found in this study that cinnamon can be an alternative to organic acids.

Mısır ve Buğday Silajlarının Termal Kamera Görüntüleme Tekniği Kullanılarak Aerobik Stabilitesinin Değerlendirilmesi

Arastirmanin materyalini 75 gunluk fermantasyon donemi sonrasinda acilan misir ve bugday balya silajlari olusturmustur. Silaj ornekleri her muamele grubunda 3’er tekerrur olmak uzere 7-8 o C, 24-25 o C ve 32-33 o C sicakliklarda aerobik stabilite testine tabi tutulmuslardir. Aerobik stabilitenin 0., 1., 4., 6. 12. ve 15. gunlerinde silaj orneklerinde kimyasal ve mikrobiyolojik parametrelere iliskin analizler yurutulmustur. Ayni zamanda, T200 IR marka termal kamera ile 1 m mesafeden silaj orneklerinde her muamele grubunda goruntuleme yapilarak degerlendirme sonuclari kaydedilmistir. Daha sonra elde edilen veriler ThermaCAM software programinda degerlendirilmistir . Arastirma sonucunda, termal kamera goruntuleme tekniginin laboratuvar sartlarinda silajlarin aerobik stabilitesini degerlendirmede pratik bir yontem olarak degerlendirilebilecegi yonundedir.

Kekik ve Tarçın Uçucu Yağlarının Yem Bezelyesi Silajlarının Fermantasyon Kalitesi ve In Vitro Metabolik Enerji Üzerine Etkileri

Bu arastirma kekik (KK) ve tarcin (TRN) ucucu yaglarinin, organik asit (OA) alternatifi olarak yem bezelyesi silajlarinin fermantasyon kalitesi ve in vitro metabolik enerji (ME) icerikleri uzerine etkilerini belirlemek amaciyla yapilmistir. Arastirmada kullanilan yem bezelyesi bakla olusum doneminde hasad edilmis (48 saat soldurma) ve yaklasik 1.5-2.0 cm boyutunda parcalanmistir. Parcalanan taze materyale 5g/kg duzeyinde organik asit, 400 mg/kg kekik ucucu yagi, 400 mg/kg tarcin ucucu yagi ve 400+400 mg/kg kekik+tarcin (KKTRN) ucucu yagi katilmistir. Yaklasik 2 kg ornek plastik torbalara konularak vakumla icindeki hava alinmis ve 2-3 kat strec filmle kaplanmistir. Silolamadan 120 gun sonra acilmistir. Arastirmada kullanilan kekik ve tarcin ucucu yagi, yem bezelyesi silajlarinin asetik asit ve ECOM iceriklerini olumlu yonde etkilemistir. Ancak, butun sonuclar birarada ele alinarak degerlendirildiginde, silajlarin sarildigi kat sayilarinin arttirilarak calismanin tekrarlanmasinin gerekli oldugu sonucuna varilmistir.