Fitri Octavianti

Fabrication of Fucoxanthin-Loaded Microsphere(F-LM) By Two Steps Double-Emulsion Solvent Evaporation Method and Characterization of Fucoxanthin before and after Microencapsulation

Microencapsulation is a promising approach in drug delivery to protect the drug from degradation and allow controlled release of the drug in the body. Fucoxanthin-loaded microsphere (F-LM) was fabricated by two step w/o/w double emulsion solvent evaporation method with poly (L-lactic-coglycolic acid) (PLGA) as carrier. The effect of four types of surfactants (PVA, Tween-20, Span-20 and SDS), homogenization speed, and concentration of PLGA polymer and surfactant (PVA), respectively, on particle size and morphology of F-LM were investigated. Among the surfactants tested, PVA showed the best results with smallest particle size (9.18 µm) and a smooth spherical surface. Increasing the homogenization speed resulted in a smaller mean F-LM particle size [d(0.50)] from 17.12 to 9.18 µm. Best particle size results and good morphology were attained at homogenization speed of 20 500 rpm. Meanwhile, increased PLGA concentration from 1.5 to 11.0 (% w/v) resulted in increased F-LM particle size. The mean particle size [d(0.5)] of F-LM increased from 3.93 to 11.88 µm. At 6.0 (% w/v) PLGA, F-LM showed the best structure and external morphology. Finally, increasing PVA concentration from 0.5 to 3.5 (% w/v) resulted in decreased particle size from 9.18 to 4.86 µm. Fucoxanthin characterization before and after microencapsulation was carried out to assess the success of the microencapsulation procedure. Thermo gravimetry analysis (TGA), glass transition (Tg) temperature of F-LM and fucoxanthin measured using DSC, ATR-FTIR and XRD indicated that fucoxanthin was successfully encapsulated into the PLGA matrix, while maintaining the structural and chemical integrity of fucoxanthin.

Structural characteristics of camel-bone gelatin by demineralization and extraction

ABSTRACT Camel bone was demineralized through HCl acidulation process at different concentrations (0.0%, 1.5%, 3.0%, and 6.0%) over 1–5 days. The level of demineralization was acid concentration and soaking time dependent. Highest demineralization (62.0%) was recorded in bone sample treated with 6.0% dilute acid for 5 days. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) elemental analysis revealed reduction in Ca and increase in N and H, while O remains unaffected. Particulate characteristics by scanning electron microscope showed an increased surface roughness of bone after demineralization. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis of ossein depicted the presence of functional group similar to that of bone protein (collagen). Statistical optimization by central composite design (CCD) revealed a significant quadratic model for optimum values of extraction temperature, pH, and extraction time. The highest gelatin yield from camel bone was 23.66% at optimum extraction condition (71.87°C, pH 5.26, and 2.58 h) and the bloom was 205.74 g. Camel bone is suitable for production of gelatin with good potentials in food and nonfood applications.

An Overview of the Current Analytical Methods for Halal Testing

The objective of this paper is to review all the methods that have been developed in the authentication of halal food products, including those developed in our institute. The need for proper control and monitoring of authenticity of food is a serious matter to the authority and the food manufacturers. Strong commitment and continuous support from the government through various agencies would ensure the integrity of the food itself, in terms of both safety and quality. Islamic food laws are based on cleanliness, sanitation, and purity. Hence, the importance of establishing laboratories and using analytical techniques (methods) of authenticity in food for ensuring food safety and protecting consumers from fraud and deception as well as for product recall purposes. Laboratory data may help define the overall scope of work, levels of worker protection, and remediation and disposal methods. Instrumental methods in detection of contamination and/or adulterants in food would clarify any doubt to Muslims, and information can be disseminated for consumer transparency giving better trust and confidence to the authority.

Analysis of TaeCheongsu natural water from Baegunsan Mountain,Korea

Water with special healing properties has been reported for generations to contain health benefi ts and abilities to cure diseases. Water from locations including Nordenau in Germany and Lourdes in Paris have been analysed to deduce the special characteristics of the water that provide the healing properties. In this study, natural bedrock underground water from Baegunsan mountain in Idong- myeon, Pocheon- si, Gyeonggi- go, Korea was analysed for benefi cial properties. The alkalescent hydrogen-water which is termed TaeCheongsu water was tested for superoxide anion radical scavenging activities (SOSA), size of water molecules, active hydrogen content, hydrogen peroxide degradation capability and dissolved oxygen content. The results for TaeCheongsu water was compared against tap water, Stephan water, Nordenauer water and Lourdes water. TaeCheongsu water showed superior results compared to other healing waters and against controls across all tests. Therefore, TaeCheongsu healing water is a high quality water with potential benefi ts for health.