Flavia Tsang

Use of childcare services in the EU Member States and progress towards the Barcelona targets

Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible.Limited Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law as indicated in a notice appearing later in this work. This electronic representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for non-commercial use only. Unauthorized posting of RAND electronic documents to a non-RAND Web site is prohibited. RAND electronic documents are protected under copyright law. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of our research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please see RAND Permissions. Skip all front matter: Jump to Page 16 The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit institution that helps improve policy and decisionmaking through research and analysis.

Gender equality in the workforce: Reconciling work, private and family life in Europe.

Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible.Limited Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law as indicated in a notice appearing later in this work. This electronic representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for non-commercial use only. Unauthorized posting of RAND electronic documents to a non-RAND Web site is prohibited. RAND electronic documents are protected under copyright law. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of our research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please see RAND Permissions. Skip all front matter: Jump to Page 16 The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit institution that helps improve policy and decisionmaking through research and analysis.

Modeling Long-Distance Travel in Great Britain

Trips longer than 50 mi account for less than one-fortieth of all trips but nearly one-third of all distance traveled within Great Britain. Because of the small proportion of all travel that they form, long-distance trips may not be adequately represented in national databases and models. However, because they account for a substantial proportion of total distance traveled, particularly on motorways and rail, these trips are important for transport policy and have a substantial impact on congestion. Moreover, study of existing data indicates that travelers’ behavior in longdistance journeys differs substantially from that in routine journeys. Not only is the set of available modes different, but the profile of travelers is also substantially different, with income playing an important role in both travel frequency and mode choice. In addition, model responsiveness and values of time vary significantly with journey length. For these reasons, treatment of the specific properties of long-distance travel is essential for appraising the impact of transport policy aimed at this market, such as high-speed rail, highway construction and management policies, and policies directed toward domestic air travel. This paper describes the development of a model to address these policy issues. The specific aim of the modeling work is to provide empirical evidence on the relative importance of mode, destination, and frequency responses for long-distance travel models. The models that have been developed form the basis for a forecasting model that can be used for the appraisal of a wide range of transport policy aimed at long-distance journeys.

Breaking Down Barriers: Experiments into Policies That Might Incentivize Employers to Hire Ex-Offenders

The rate of criminal punishment in the United States has had far-reaching economic consequences, in large part because people with criminal records are marginalized within the labor market. According to a 2008 estimate (Rodriguez and Emsellem, 2011), 64.6 million Americans (25 percent of the population) have a criminal record, and of that group, 19.8 million have at least one felony criminal conviction (Shannon et al., 2011).1 Evidence shows that people with a criminal record have substantially lower probabilities of being hired, even compared with other disadvantaged individuals—such as welfare recipients, high school dropouts, unemployed people, and those with “spotty” work histories—who do not have a criminal record (Holzer, 1996). Given these negative economic implications, federal, state, and local officials have developed a host of policies to encourage employers to hire ex-offenders, with varying degrees of success. Examples include the “Ban the Box” policy, which delays the point in the recruitment process that criminal-background information is made available to employers; the federal Work Opportunity Tax Credit (WOTC); certificates of rehabilitation, which restore rights to convicted felons; and programs supported by Department of Labor Reintegration of ExOffenders grants. But all these programs to incentivize the hiring of ex-offenders have important limitations to improving ex-offender employment. To inform policies and programs aimed at improving employment rates for ex-offenders, we conducted experiments to examine employer preferences regarding policy options targeted to incentivizing the employment of C O R P O R A T I O N

Understanding the Potential of Variable Tolling to Smooth Congestion on Downstream Facilities: Applications of a Joint Time-of-Day and Route Choice Model

The aim of this research was to understand the conditions under which time-varying tolls could be used to effectively smooth congestion on a downstream, untolled roadway. This question was answered in the context of the 183A Turnpike in Texas, but the analysis was extended to draw lessons for the potential use and evaluation of time-varying tolls as a congestion management strategy elsewhere. The study relied on two primary data sources: license plate reader data, to observe traffic routing, and a stated preference survey, to understand travelers’ trade-offs between travel time, tolls, and time-of-day shifts. A joint time-of-day and route choice model was developed and implemented in a spreadsheet for the rapid evaluation of a range of scenarios. Model inputs were then varied across key dimensions to achieve a better understanding of the conditions under which such a strategy might or might not be effective. The analysis revealed that under the conditions and constraints specific to the 183A corridor, time-of-day tolling would have a limited effect, but that there are a range of conditions for which time-of-day tolling could be a cost-effective means of managing downstream congestion.

Assessment of the State and Local Anti-Terrorism Training (SLATT) Program

This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest. RANDs publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. awarded a contract to assess various aspects of the SLATT Program; the base year was dedicated to developing and refining the detailed assessment plan and collecting preliminary data, while option years 1 and 2 were dedicated to conducting the assessment. This report presents the results of that assessment. It will be of interest to federal, state, and local enforcement; U.S. Attorneys Offices; the network of fusion centers and joint terrorism task forces (JTTFs); the U.S. others involved in homeland security at the local, state, and regional levels. The research reported here was conducted in the RAND Justice Policy Program, which spans both criminal and civil justice system issues with such topics as public safety, effective policing, police-community relations, drug policy and enforcement, corrections policy, use of technology in law enforcement, tort reform, catastrophe and mass-injury compensation, court resourcing, and insurance regulation. Program research is supported by government agencies, foundations, and the private sector. This program is part of RAND Justice, Infrastructure, and Environment, a division of the RAND Corporation dedicated to improving policy-and decisionmaking in a wide range of policy domains, including civil and criminal justice, infrastructure protection and homeland security, transportation and energy policy, and environmental and natural resource policy.

Gender equality in the workforce

Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible.Limited Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law as indicated in a notice appearing later in this work. This electronic representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for non-commercial use only. Unauthorized posting of RAND electronic documents to a non-RAND Web site is prohibited. RAND electronic documents are protected under copyright law. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of our research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please see RAND Permissions. Skip all front matter: Jump to Page 16 The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit institution that helps improve policy and decisionmaking through research and analysis.