Florence Arestoff

Estimates of Government Net Capital Stocks for 26 Developing Countries, 1970-2002

The authors provide various estimates of the government net capital stocks for a panel of 26 developing countries over the period 1970-2001. Two kinds of internationally comparable series of public capital stocks are presented. The first estimates are based on the standard perpetual inventory method and various assumptions regarding initial stocks and depreciation rates. The second set of estimates takes into account the potential inefficiency of public investments in creating capital with a nonparametric approach. Three estimates of net capital stocks are provided, on the basis of three assumptions regarding the efficiency of public investment.

Remittance Behaviour of Forced Migrants in Post-Apartheid South Africa

ABSTRACT This paper looks at the determinants of South-South remittances. An original dataset of African migrants living in Johannesburg is used. As South Africa attracts both economic and forced migrants, we focus on the impact of the reason of emigration (violence versus economic concerns) on migrants’ remittance behaviour. On the extensive margin, the results show that leaving a home country for reasons of violence decreases the probability of remitting to the home country. On the intensive margin, transferred amounts do not differ according to whether the migrant was forced to migrate or not. When the migrant has decided to remit, it is more his/her current conditions in the host country and traditional factors (income, education, sex, etc.) that determine the amounts transferred. Our results are robust when restricting the definition of forced migration.

Politiques éducatives et évasion fiscale dans les pays en développement

The goal of this article is to highlight the consequences that tax evasion could impact on schooling duration and expenditures in education. We don’t make any specific assumptions as regards the origin of the tax evasion. We simply consider a society made up of two categories of heterogeneous agents, the rich and the poor. Among the rich people, some declare their total income whereas the others declare the same income as the poor. While the government is unable to control this factor, it can’t distinguish the wealthy tax evaders from the poor ones either. Moreover, in the human capital accumulation function, we have introduced complementarities between personal tax contributions. Our model is declined in two cases, each corresponding to different education policies characterized by different ways of education funding. In the public education regime, the government collects income tax. Tax revenues are used to finance education. In the mixed education regime (public and private), the government finances education by collecting income tax whereas the richest parents can complete this education privately. We show that taxation depends positively on how large the tax evasion is but we also show that, in the mixed education regime, this sub optimality can be corrected by a longer compulsory length of schooling.

Taux de rendement de l'éducation sur le marché du travail d'un pays en développement: Une analyse micro-économétrique@@@Taux de rendement de l'education sur le marche du travail d'un pays en developpement: Une analyse micro-econometrique

Dans cet article, nous proposons une modelisation des rendements de l’education visant a enrichir le modele de Mincer [1974] selon lequel les revenus ne sont fonction que du niveau d’education et de l’experience professionnelle. Nous considerons d’autres determinants des revenus dont le type d’education (public ou prive), tout en corrigeant le biais de selection sur le marche du travail et le biais d’endogeneite du niveau d’etudes. Le taux de rendement de l’education se revele alors non significatif a Madagascar, que le marche du travail soit suppose concurrentiel ou segmente.