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Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, American Volume | 2010

Topical Application of Tranexamic Acid Reduces Postoperative Blood Loss in Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Randomized, Controlled Trial

Jean Wong; Amir Abrishami; Hossam El Beheiry; Nizar N. Mahomed; J. Roderick Davey; Rajiv Gandhi; Khalid Syed; Syed Muhammad Ovais Hasan; Yoshani De Silva; Frances Chung

BACKGROUNDnTopical application of tranexamic acid to bleeding wound surfaces reduces blood loss in patients undergoing some major surgeries, without systemic complications. The objective of the present trial was to assess the efficacy and safety of the topical application of tranexamic acid on postoperative blood loss in patients undergoing primary unilateral total knee arthroplasty with cement.nnnMETHODSnIn a prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 124 patients were randomized to receive 1.5 or 3.0 g of tranexamic acid in 100 mL of normal saline solution or an equivalent volume of placebo (normal saline solution) applied into the joint for five minutes at the end of surgery. The primary outcome was blood loss calculated from the difference between the preoperative hemoglobin level and the corresponding lowest postoperative value or hemoglobin level prior to transfusion. The safety outcomes included Doppler ultrasound in all patients and measurement of plasma levels of tranexamic acid one hour after release of the tourniquet.nnnRESULTSnTwenty-five patients were withdrawn for various reasons; therefore, ninety-nine patients were included in the intention-to-treat analysis. The postoperative blood loss was reduced in the 1.5 and 3-g tranexamic acid groups (1295 mL [95% confidence interval, 1167 to 1422 mL] and 1208 mL [95% confidence interval, 1078 to 1339 mL], respectively) in comparison with the placebo group (1610 mL [95% confidence interval, 1480 to 1738 mL]) (p < 0.017). The postoperative hemoglobin levels were higher in the 1.5 and 3.0-g tranexamic acid groups (10.0 g/dL [95% confidence interval, 9.5 to 10.4 g/dL] and 10.1 g/dL [95% confidence interval, 9.8 to 10.5 g/dL], respectively) in comparison with the placebo group (8.6 g/dL [95% confidence interval, 8.2 to 9 g/dL]) (p < 0.017). With the numbers studied, there was no difference in the rates of deep-vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism between the three groups. Minimal systemic absorption of tranexamic acid was observed.nnnCONCLUSIONSnAt the conclusion of a total knee arthroplasty with cement, topical application of tranexamic acid directly into the surgical wound reduced postoperative bleeding by 20% to 25%, or 300 to 400 mL, resulting in 16% to 17% higher postoperative hemoglobin levels compared with placebo, with no clinically important increase in complications being identified in the treatment groups.


Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia-journal Canadien D Anesthesie | 2004

Thirty percent of patients have moderate to severe pain 24 hr after ambulatory surgery: A survey of 5,703 patients

Brid McGrath; Hany Elgendy; Frances Chung; Damon Kamming; Bruna Curti; Shirley Wesley King

PurposePostoperative pain is the commonest reason for delayed discharge and unanticipated hospital admission after ambulatory surgery. We investigated the severity of pain at 24 hr postoperatively and determined the most painful procedures. The need for further medical advice and clarity of postoperative analgesia instructions were also studied.MethodsFive thousand seven hundred and three ambulatory surgical patients were telephoned 24 hr postoperatively. Patients graded their pain using the ten-point self-assessing verbal scale (0 = no pain, 10 = worst pain). Data were analyzed in two groups, those with moderate to severe pain (pain score 4–10) and those with no or mild pain (0–3).ResultsThirty percent of patients (1,495/5,703) had moderate to severe pain. Microdiscectomy, laparoscopic cholecystectomy, shoulder surgery, elbow/hand surgery, ankle surgery, inguinal hernia repair, and knee surgery were identified as the procedures causing most pain at 24 hr. 13.2% of patients needed medical advice by telephone, 1.4% made an unplanned visit to a doctor while the rate of readmission to the hospital was 0.08%. Ninety-eight percent found postoperative instruction sheets and advice helpful. Eighty-eight percent of patients indicated that analgesic instructions were absolutely clear.ConclusionThis study has identified the more painful common ambulatory surgical procedures which will allow take home analgesia to be tailored according to individual procedures. Further improvement in analgesic instructions may help in better pain management of ambulatory surgery patients.RésuméObjectifLa douleur postopératoire cause la plupart des départs retardés de l’hôpital ou des admissions non prévues après la chirurgie ambulatoire. Nous avons vérifié la sévérité de la douleur, 24 h après l’opération, et déterminé les interventions les plus douloureuses. La nécessité d’avis médical supplémentaire et la clarté des directives sur l’analgésie postopératoire ont aussi été notées.MéthodeNous avons téléphoné à 5 703 patients de chirurgie ambulatoire 24 h après l’opération. Les patients ont coté leur douleur selon une échelle verbale d’auto-évaluation en dix points (0 = aucune douleur, 10 = douleur très intense). Les données ont été classées en deux groupes : douleur modérée à sévère (score de 4–10) et douleur absente ou légère (0–3).RésultatsTrente pour cent des patients (1 495/5 703) ont éprouvé des douleurs modérées à sévères. La microdiscectomie, la cholécystectomie laparoscopique, l’opération de l’épaule, du coude/de la main, de la cheville, la réparation d’une hernie inguinale et l’opération du genou causaient le plus de douleurs à 24 h. Nous avons noté que 13,2% des patients ont eu besoin d’avis médical au téléphone, 1,4% d’une visite médicale imprévue et 0,08 % d’une réadmission hospitalière. Les feuilles de directives postopératoires et les conseils ont été utiles pour 98 % des patients. Les directives sur l’analgésie ont été absolument claires pour 88 % des patients.ConclusionLa présente étude a désigné les opérations chirurgicales ambulatoires courantes les plus douloureuses qui devront comporter une analgésie postopératoire à domicile adaptée aux besoins individuels. L’amélioration du traitement de la douleur postopératoire pourrait passer par des directives analgésiques plus claires.


Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia-journal Canadien D Anesthesie | 1999

Adverse events in ambulatory surgery. A comparison between elderly and younger patients.

Frances Chung; Gabor Mezei; Doris Tong

PurposeAn increasing number of elderly patients are undergoing ambulatory surgery. We examined whether ambulatory surgery carries a higher risk for the elderly than for younger patients.MethodsA total of 17,638 consecutive ambulatory surgical patients were enrolled in a prospective cohort study during a three-year period. Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative information was collected. Twentyseven percent of the enrolled patients were 65 yr or older. Incidence rates of intraoperative and postoperative adverse events among the elderly were compared with those among younger patients; we controlled for sex, ASA physical status, body mass index, type of surgery, and duration of procedure, using multiple logistic regression models.ResultsElderly patients had a higher incidence of any intraoperative event (adjusted odds ratio, 1.4; 99.7% confidence interval [CI], 1.0–2.0) and of intraoperative cardiovascular events (adjusted odds ratio, 2.0; 99.7% CI, 1.3–3.0). They also had a lower incidence of any postoperative event (adjusted odds ratio, 0.4; 99.7% CI, 0.3–0.6) and of postoperative pain (adjusted odds ratio, 0.2; 99.7% CI, 0.1–0.4), nausea and vomiting (adjusted odds ratio, 0.3; 99.7% CI, 0.1–0.6), and dizziness (adjusted odds ratio, 0.4; 99.7% CI, 0.2–1.0).ConclusionThe risks reported do not constitute a contraindication for elderly patients to undergo ambulatory surgery but this population may require more careful intraoperative cardiovascular management.RésuméObjectifUn nombre croissant de patients âgés se retrouvent en chirurgie ambulatoire. Nous avons chercher à savoir si la chirurgie ambulatoire comporte un plus grand risque pour les gens âgés comparés aux jeunes patients.MéthodeCe sont 17 638 patients qui se sont présentés successivement en chirurgie ambulatoire qui ont été recrutés pour une étude comparative des cohortes qui a duré trois ans. On a recueilli les renseignements préopératoires, peropératoires et postopératoires nécessaires. Parmi les patients choisis, 27% avaient 65 ans ou plus. On a comparé l’incidence des effets secondaires peropératoires et postopératoires entre les patients âgés et les jeunes patients selon le sexe, l’état physique ASA, l’indice de masse corporelle, le type de chirurgie et la durée de l’opération, en utilisant des modèles de régression logistique multiple.RésultatsLes patients âgés présentaient une plus forte incidence de tout événement peropératoire (coefficient de risque ajusté, 1,4; intervalle de confiance de 99,7% [IC], 1,0 – 2,0) et d’incidents cardiovasculaires peropératoires (CR ajusté, 2,0; IC de 99,7%, 1,3 – 3,0). Ils présentaient, par ailleurs, une plus faible incidence de tout événement postopératoire (CR ajusté, 0,4; IC de 99,7%, 0,3 – 0,6) et de douleur (CR ajusté, 0,2; IC de 99,7%, 0,1 – 0,4), de nausées et de vomissements (CR ajusté, 0,3; IC de 99,7%, 0,1 – 0,6), et d’étourdissement postopératoires (CR ajusté, 0,4; IC de 99,7%, 0,2 – 1,0).ConclusionLes risques rapportés ne constituent pas une contre-indication à la chirurgie ambulatoire pour les gens âgés, mais cette population demande qu’on soit plus attentif aux risques cardiovasculaires peropératoires.


Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia-journal Canadien D Anesthesie | 2004

Patient selection in ambulatory anesthesia — An evidence-based review: part II

Gregory L. Bryson; Frances Chung; Barry A. Finegan; Zeev Friedman; Donald R. Miller; Janet van Vlymen; Robin G. Cox; Marie Josée Crowe; John G. Fuller

PurposeTo identify and characterize the evidence supporting decisions made in the care of patients with selected medical conditions undergoing ambulatory anesthesia and surgery. Conditions highlighted in this review include: the elderly heart transplantation, hyper-reactive airway disease, coronary artery disease, and obstructive sleep apnea.SourceA structured search of MEDLINE ( 1966–2003) was performed using keywords for ambulatory surgery and patient condition. Selected articles were assigned a level of evidence using Centre for Evidence Based Medicine (CEBM) criteria. Recommendations were also graded using CEBM criteria.Principal findingsThe elderly may safely undergo ambulatory surgery but are at increased risk for hemodynamic variation in the operating room. The heart transplant recipient is at increased risk of coronary artery disease and renal insufficiency and should undergo careful preoperative evaluation. The patient with reactive airway disease is at increased risk of minor respiratory complications and should be encouraged to quit smoking. The patient with coronary artery disease and recent myocardial infarction may undergo ambulatory surgery without stress testing if functional capacity is adequate. The patient with obstructive sleep apnea is at increased risk of difficult tracheal intubation but the likelihood of airway obstruction and apnea following ambulatory surgery is unknown.ConclusionAmbulatory anesthesia is infrequently associated with adverse outcomes, however, knowledge regarding specific patient conditions is of generally low quality. Few prospective trials are available to guide management decisions.RésuméObjectifIdentifier et caractériser la preuve à l’appui des décisions prises sur les soins à donner aux patients qui présentent des pathologies médicales ciblées et qui subissent une anesthésie en chirurgie ambulatoire. Les situations sélectionnées dans cette revue comprennent : la vieillesse, la transplantation cardiaque, l’affection respiratoire hyper-réactionnelle, la coronaropathie et l’apnée obstructive du sommeil.SourceUne recherche structurée dans MEDLINE (1966–2003) a été réalisée selon les mots dés pour la chirurgie ambulatoire et l’état du patient. Les articles choisis ont été cotés selon le niveau de preuve des critères du Centre for Evidence Based Medicine (CEBM). Les recommandations ont aussi été graduées selon les critères du CEBM.Constatations principalesLes personnes âgées peuvent subir une opération ambulatoire en toute sécurité, mais sont plus à risque de variation hémodynamique en salle d’opération. Les greffés cardiaques sont plus à risque de coronaropathie et d’insuffisance rénale et doivent avoir une évaluation préopératoire minutieuse. Les cas d’affection respiratoire réactionnelle sont plus à risque de complications respiratoires mineures et doivent être encouragés à cesser de fumer. Le patient atteint de coronaropathie, victime récente d’infarctus myocardique, peut être vu en chirurgie ambulatoire sans épreuve d’effort si la capacité fonctionnelle est adéquate. En cas d’apnée obstructive du sommeil, il y a plus de risque de difficulté d’intubation trachéale, mais la possibilité d’obstruction des voies aériennes et d’apnée à la suite d’une opération ambulatoire n’est pas connue.ConclusionLanesthésie ambulatoire n’est pas souvent associée à des complications, même si la connaissance de pathologies spécifiques est peu développée en général. Il existe peu d’études prospectives permettant de guider les décisions thérapeutiques.


BJA: British Journal of Anaesthesia | 2010

Use of low-dose pregabalin in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy

P.W.H. Peng; C Li; E Farcas; A Haley; W Wong; J Bender; Frances Chung

BACKGROUNDnThe objective of this study was to examine the effects of low-dose pregabalin on the analgesic efficacy, side-effects, and recovery profile in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.nnnMETHODSnOne hundred and sixty-two patients aged 18-65 yr, of ASA physical status I-III, undergoing elective outpatient laparoscopic cholecystectomy were recruited and randomized in this prospective, placebo-controlled, double-blind study to receive one of the following study medications orally: pregabalin 50 mg, pregabalin 75 mg, or placebo, 1 h before surgery and then every 12 h after operation for a total of three doses. Postoperative numeric pain scores, analgesic consumption, recovery score (QoR-40), and side-effects (opioid-related symptom distress scale) were assessed in the early postoperative period (every 15 min during the first hour, at 90, 120 min, 6, and 12 h) and at days 1, 2, and 7. Data were analysed using an intention-to-treat method.nnnRESULTSnCompared with the placebo group, the pain scores were lower in the pregabalin 75 mg group in the first 90 min after surgery (P<0.05). Pregabalin 50 mg resulted in pain reduction at 30 and 45 min (P<0.05) relative to placebo. The analgesic consumption, side-effects, and recovery scores were similar among the three groups.nnnCONCLUSIONSnPerioperative administration of pregabalin 75 mg provided limited analgesic benefit in the postoperative period. An updated meta-analysis confirms this finding (see Supplementary material).


Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery | 1998

Topical tetracaine versus topical tetracaine plus intracameral lidocaine for cataract surgery

Noel S. Carino; Allan R. Slomovic; Frances Chung; Arie L. Marcovich

Purpose: To compare topical tetracaine 0.5% alone and with intracameral lidocaine 1% as a local anesthetic agent in phacoemulsification with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. Setting: The Toronto Hospital—Western Division; Toronto, Canada. Methods: Fifty‐trine consecutive patients (60 eyes) having phacoemulsification with implantation of a foldable acrylic IOL (AcrySot) were randomized into 1 of 2 groups: The‐intracameral balanced salt solution (BSS) group received topical tetracaine 0.5% plus intracameral BSS;‐the intracameral lidocaine group received topical tetracaine 0.5.% with preservabve‐free intracameral lidocaine 1%. The patients’ subjective experience of pain, vvas measured at 4 points during surgery using a 4‐point pain scale. Patient and surgeon satisfaction with the anesthesia used was measured using a 5‐point satisfaction scale. Central endothelial cell counts were obtained preoperatively and 1 month postoperatively. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was measured pfeoperatively and 1 hour, i day, 1 week, and 1 month postoperatively. Results: The mean pain score after phaccemulsfication was significantly higher in the intracameral BSS group than in the intracameral lidocaine group (0.63 ± 0.7 [SD] and 0.23 ± 0.4, respectively,‐ P < .019). The mean pain score at the end of surgery was also significantly higher in the intracameral BSS group than in the intracameral lidocaine group (0.60 ± 0.6 and 0.21 ± 0.4, respectively; P < .014). The surgeon satisfaction score was significantly lower for the intracameral BSS group than for’ the intracameral lidocaine group (3.90 1.2 and 4.73 ± 0.8, ’ respectively; P < .0007). There was no difference in patient satisfaction between the intracameral BSS and intracameral lidocaine groups (4.60 ± 0.6 and 4.70 0.8). Endothelial cell loss 1 month postoperatively was similar between the 2 groups (,6:1% ± 8% and 6.7% ± 6%) Ninety‐seven percent of patients (29/30) in each group noted BCVA improvement from preoperatively. The rate of potential visual acuity recovery was similar in both groups. Conclusion: Topical tetracaine 0.5% with intracameral lidocaine was safe and effective in patients having phacoemulsifcation with IOL implantation. The advantage of using intracameral lidocaine 1% over a placebo was a significant decrease in the patients’ subjective experience of pain and in the surgeon’s satisfaction with the anesthesia used. None of the other parameters measured in this study differed significantly between the 2 groups.


Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia-journal Canadien D Anesthesie | 1982

Sleep apnoea syndrome and anaesthesia.

Frances Chung; Ronald R. Crago

The sleep apnoea syndrome is reviewed, defined, and classified. Particular emphasis is placed on the identification of a patient population that is prone to sleep apnoea and the diseases and syndromes that are associated with it. For anaesthetists, direct enquiry into daytime and nightime sleep abnormalities and careful examination of the upper airway are important for preoperative detection of these patients and especially patients with obstructive sleep apnoea who might present for anaesthesia and operation. A typical case is reported and details of the preoperative, peroperative and postoperative management are discussed.RésuméLe syndrome d’apnée du sommeil est passé en revue, défini et classifié. Les auteurs insistent sur l’identification de la propulation à risque et les maladies et syndromes qui s’associent à l’apnée du sommeil. L’anesthésiste doit s’enquérir de toute anomalie du sommeil et un examen poussé des voies respiratoires supérieures est indiqué spécialement pour les candidats à l’anesthésie et à la chirurgie qui présentent la forme obstructive. Un cas typique est rapporté et la conduite à tenir aux périodes pré-opératoire, per-opératoire et postopératoire est discutée.


Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia-journal Canadien D Anesthesie | 2003

Pain, nausea, vomiting and ocular complications delay discharge following ambulatory microdiscectomy

Shaheen Shaikh; Frances Chung; Charles Imarengiaye; Damian Yung; Mark Bernstein

ObjectiveNowadays, microsurgical discectomy is being performed as an outpatient procedure. A retrospective chart review was done to document factors that delayed discharge or led to unanticipated admission.MethodsAfter Institutional Review Board approval, the hospital medical records of 106 patients who underwent microsurgical discectomy on an ambulatory basis were reviewed. All patients were operated upon by a single surgeon at the Toronto Western Hospital. Perioperative data were collected on specifically designed data sheets. All anesthetic and surgical factors that affected discharge were noted.ResultsOf the 106 patients reviewed, only six required unanticipated admission. Two patients were admitted due to nausea and vomiting, one due to severe pain, one due to urinary retention and two were surgical causes (durai tear). Eight patients had delayed discharge. Anesthesia causes were severe nausea, severe pain, low oxygen saturation, sore throat and dry eyes. Two patients had surgical causes. The incidence of postoperative nausea was 61% and postoperative vomiting was 9.4%. Eighty patients (75.4%) complained of pain in the postanesthesia care unit. Of these, 33.9% had visual analogue pain scale scores more than 6.ConclusionAmbulatory lumbar microdiscectomy can be carried out as an ambulatory procedure with an acceptably low unanticipated admission rate (5.7%). The percentage of patients with severe nausea (16%) and pain (33.9%) is high. Adequate perioperative pain management and effective control of nausea and vomiting may further improve the patients’ experience after anesthesia for ambulatory microdiscectomy.RésuméObjectifAujourd’hui, la microdiscoïdectomie est réalisée en chirurgie ambulatoire. Une revue rétrospective des dossiers a été faite afin de consigner les facteurs qui retardent le départ ou mènent à une hospitalisation imprévue.MéthodeAprès avoir obtenu l’accord du Comité de révision institutionnel, nous avons passé en revu les dossiers médicaux de 106 patients qui ont subi une discoïdectomie microchirurgicale ambulatoire. Tous les patients ont été opérés par un seul chirurgien au Toronto Western Hospital. Les données périopératoires ont été recueillies sur des fiches techniques spécifiquement conçues pour l’étude. Tous les facteurs anesthésiques et chirurgicaux pouvant infuencer le départ ont été notés.RésultatsParmi les 106 patients dont on a revu le dossier, seulement six ont dû être hospitalisés. Deux ont été admis pour nausées et vomissements, un pour douleurs intenses, un pour rétention urinaire et deux pour des causes chirurgicales (lacération durale). Huit patients ont vu leur congé retardé. Les causes anesthésiques étaient des nausées sévères, de la douleur intense, une faible saturation du sang en oxygène, un mal de gorge et une sécheresse oculaire. Pour deux patients, les causes étaient chirurgicales. L’incidence de nausées postopératoires était de 61 % et de vomissements postopératoires de 9,4 %. Quatre-vingts patients (75,4 %) ont eu des douleurs en salle de réveil, dont 33,9% selon des scores de plus de 6 à l’échelle visuelle analogique.ConclusionLa microdiscoïdectomie lombaire ambulatoire peut être réalisée comme telle et affiche un taux acceptable d’hospitalisation imprévue (5,7 %). Le pourcentage de patients victimes de nausées sévères (16 %) et de douleur (33,9 %) est toutefois élevé. Le traitement adéquat de la douleur périopératoire et le contrôle efficace des nausées et des vomissements atténueraient davantage les inconvénients de l’anesthésie.


Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia-journal Canadien D Anesthesie | 1985

Low-dose fentanyl: Haemodynamic response during induction and intubation in geriatric patients

Frances Chung; David Evans

Twenty-eight surgical patients aged 65–84 were randomly assigned to either a control group (12) induced with thiopentone alone, or a treatment group (16), induced with 3 μg·kg-1 fentanyl followed by thiopentone, to determine whether the use of fentanyl during induction would attenuate the cardiovascular response to laryngoscopy and intubation.Patients in the fentanyl group required 47 per cent less thiopentone for induction. Increases in systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure were significantly smaller in the group receiving fentanyl at one minute post intubation. SBP rose by 56 mmHg in the control group, compared to 15 mmHg in the fentanyl group; DBP increased 42 mmHg compared to 20 mmHg, respectively. Increases in rate-pressure product were twice as great in the control group compared to the fentanyl group (72.2 vs 36.0 per cent, respectively).Thus, fentanyl, as an adjunct to barbiturate induction, effectively lowered the thiopentone requirement and attenuated the pressor response to laryngoscopy and intubation.RésuméVingt-huit patients âgés de 65 à 84 ans et subissant une intervention chirurgicale ont été répartis au hasard entre un groupe témoin (12 patients) recevant du thiopentone seul, et un groupe actif (16 patients) recevant 3 μg·kg-1 de fentanyl suivis de thiopentone. Le but de l’étude est de déterminer si l’utilisation du fentanyl pendant la période d’induction diminue la réponse cardiovasculaire observée durant la laryngoscopie et l’intubation.Les patients du groupe recevant le fentanyl ont reçu47 pour cent de thiopentone en moins lors de I’induction. Dans le groupe recevant le fentanyl les augmentations de la pression artérielle systolique (PAS) et diastolique (PAD) ont été significativement moins importantes une minute après l’intubation. La PAS a augmenté de 56mmHg dans le groupe temoin et seulement de 15 mmHg dans le groupe traité au fentanyl. La PAD a augments de 42 mmHg et de 20 mmHg dans les deux groupes. Les augmentations du produit de la fréquence cardiaque par la pression arterielle ont été deux fois plus importantes dans le group témoin que dans le group recevant le fentanyl (72,2 et 36,0 pourcent respectivement). L’utilisation du fentanyl comme adjuvant lors de l’induction par les barbirutiques a dimunué les besoins en thiopentone et a atténué la réponse vasopressive observée lors de la laryngoscopie et de l’intubation.


Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia-journal Canadien D Anesthesie | 2004

Ambulatory surgery adult patient selection criteria: a survey of Canadian anesthesiologists

Zeev Friedman; Frances Chung; David T. Wong

PurposeAn increasing number of patients with complex medical problems are now considered suitable for ambulatory surgery. The purpose of this study was to identify the current clinical practice of ambulatory surgical patient selection.MethodsA standardized questionnaire specifying 30 clinical conditions was sent to all practicing anesthesiologists who are members of the Canadian Anesthesiologists’ Society. Recipients were asked to indicate if they would provide ambulatory anesthesia (yes/no answers) for an adult patient with each of those isolated conditions. A 75% agreement was considered a majority opinion.ResultsOne thousand three hundred thirty-seven questionnaires were sent and 774 replies were received (57.8%). Over 75% of anesthesiologists were willing to include in their selection criteria American Society of Anesthesiologists’ (ASA) physical status III, patients with low-grade angina pectoris (AP) and congestive heart failure (CHF), prior myocardial infarction, asymptomatic valvular disease, sleep apnea without use of narcotics, morbid obesity (MO) without co-morbidities, insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and malignant hyperthermia (MH) susceptible patients. Over 75% of responders found ASA IV patients, high grade AP and CHF, sleep apnea with postoperative narcotics, MO with co-morbidities and no patient escort to be unsuitable for ambulatory anesthesia.ConclusionOur survey demonstrated that medical conditions with extreme grades of severity (mild or severe) are associated with majority opinion to proceed or not to proceed with ambulatory surgery. Issues with over 75% agreement reflect the common practice. Similar surveys may form a part of patient selection guidelines development in the future.RésuméObjectifUn nombre croissant de patients ayant des problèmes médicaux complexes est maintenant admissible à la chirurgie ambulatoire. Nous avons voulu vérifier la pratique clinique courante de sélection des patients pour la chirurgie ambulatoire.MéthodeUn questionnaire normalisé présentant 30 conditions cliniques a été envoyé à tous les anesthésiologistes en exercice, membres de la Société canadienne des anesthésiologistes. Les répondants devaient indiquer par oui ou non s’ils offriraient une anesthésie ambulatoire à un patient adulte pour chacune de ces conditions isolées. Une adhésion à 75 % était considérée comme une opinion majoritaire.RésultatsNous avons reçu 774 réponses pour les 1 337 questionnaires envoyés, soit 57,8 %. Plus de 75 % des anesthésiologistes étaient disposés à inclure dans leurs critères de sélection des patients d’état physique III, selon l’American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA), qui présentent une angine de poitrine (AP) d’évolution lente et une insuffisance cardiaque congestive (ICC), un infarctus du myocarde ancien, une valvulopathie asymptomatique, de l’apnée du sommeil sans usage de narcotiques, de l’obésité morbide (OM) sans comorbidités, un diabète insulino-dépendant et les patients susceptibles d’hyperthermie maligne peranesthésique. Au-delà de 75 % des répondants ont trouvé l’anesthésie ambulatoire inappropriée pour les patients ASA IV, les cas d’AP et d’ICC de haut degré, d’apnée du sommeil avec narcotiques postopératoires, d’OM avec comorbidités et pour les patients sans accompagnateur.ConclusionL’enquête démontre que pour les conditions médicales de sévérité extrême (modérée ou sévère) une majorité accepte ou n’accepte pas la chirurgie ambulatoire. Les enjeux qui recueillent plus de 75 % d’adhésion représentent la pratique courante. Ce type d’enquête pourrait faire partie de futures directives sur la sélection des patients.

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Jean Wong

Toronto Western Hospital

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Amir Abrishami

University Health Network

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David T. Wong

University of California

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Elaheh Adly

Toronto Western Hospital

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Gabor Mezei

Toronto Western Hospital

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