Francesca Pedrielli

Just noticeable differences of loudness and sharpness for earth moving machines

This paper describes some results of a research concerning the improvement of the noise climate at the operator station of construction machines during real working conditions. Binaural noise signals were previously recorded and then used in subjective listening tests aimed at identifying the set of acoustic and psychoacoustic parameters which affect the auditory perception of these signals with respect to the annoyance sensation. Results showed that loudness and sharpness are the parameters best correlated to the annoyance. In order to verify the efficacy of some noise control solutions in improving the operator comfort conditions, the next necessary step is to build a specific metrics able to show the minimum differences in these parameters which are subjectively perceived. This paper describes the results of specific listening tests carried out in order to evaluate the differential thresholds of loudness and sharpness by the Method of Limits. The test was repeated at two different signal presentation l...

Development and Validation of a Numerical Prediction Model to Estimate the Annoyance Condition at the Operation Station of Compact Loaders

This paper describes the results of a study aimed at developing and validating a prediction model to assess the annoyance conditions at the operator station of compact loaders by using noise signal objective parameters only. For this purpose, binaural measurements were carried out on 41 compact loaders, both in stationary and real working conditions. The 62 binaural noise recordings were objectively analysed in terms of acoustic and psychoacoustic parameters and then divided into 9 groups and used in specific jury tests to obtain the subjective annoyance scores. Finally, multiple regression technique was applied to the first 6 groups of noise stimuli to develop the model while the remaining groups were used to validate it.

From Noise Levels to Sound Quality: The Successful Approach to Improve the Acoustic Comfort

This work aims at presenting the experience of the authors in applying the “product sound quality” approach to the noise signals recorded at the operator station of some earth moving machines (EMMs) in order to improve the acoustic comfort for the operator. For industrial products, the concept of “product sound quality” was defined by Blauert and Jekosch as “...a descriptor of the adequacy of the sound attached to a product. It results from judgements upon the totality of auditory characteristics of the sound, the judgements being performed with reference to the set of those desired features of the product which are apparent to the users in their actual cognitive, actional and emotional situation” (Blauert & Jekosch, 1997). Referring to the operator station of an EMM, health and quality of the workplace are both important aspects to be taken into account. Therefore the reduction of the noise exposure levels and the improvement of the noise quality in terms of low annoyance are both key elements. Unfortunately, these aspects are not automatically correlated. According to the mandatory provisions, the exposure to noise must be assessed by means of physical parameters that have proved to be inaccurate indicators of subjective human response, especially for sounds exceeding 60 dB (Hellman & Zwicker, 1987). This chapter collects the main results of the research carried out by the authors in the last five years in order to overcome this problem and to identify a methodology that is able to establish the basic criteria for noise control solutions which guarantee the improvement of the operator comfort conditions (Brambilla et al., 2001). All the results presented below refer to investigations carried out on compact loaders. The particular interest in this kind of machine is due to the fact that it is widely used not only for outdoor work but also in the activities of building construction and renovation. In addition, the compact loader is one of the worst machines as far as the noise emission is concerned. Due to its compactness, indeed, the operator station is located just over the engine compartment which cannot be completely insulated from the outside due to overheating problems. As a consequence, noise and vibration levels at the operator station are extremely high, causing very uncomfortable conditions for workers. Although the enforcement of the results described in this work is limited to the assessment of annoyance for this kind of product, the philosophy of this approach has a general validity which is to be customised for each different application.