Francis Blankenberg

Targeted Systemic Radiotherapy with scVEGF/177Lu Leads to Sustained Disruption of the Tumor Vasculature and Intratumoral Apoptosis

Tumor vessels abundantly express receptors for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), despite treatment with conventional or antiangiogenic drugs. We wished to determine whether the high levels of VEGF receptor (VEGFR) within the tumor vasculature could be leveraged for intracellular delivery of therapeutically significant doses of scVEGF/177Lu, a novel radiopharmaceutical based on a recombinant single-chain (sc) derivative of VEGF, in orthotopic breast cancer models. Methods: scVEGF-PEG (polyethylene gycol)-DOTA conjugates containing 2.0-, 3.4-, or 5.0-kDa PEG linkers site-specifically conjugated to a cysteine-containing tag (Cys-tag) in scVEGF were radiolabeled with 177Lu (scVEGF/177Lu) for in vivo studies. Human MDA231luc and mouse 4T1luc cell lines were injected orthotopically to establish breast carcinoma tumors in immunodeficient and immunocompetent hosts, respectively. The effects of scVEGF/177Lu were defined by analysis of changes in tumor growth and immunohistochemical staining for the endothelial markers CD31 and VEGFR-2 and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining for intratumoral apoptosis. Results: Biodistribution assays and dosimetric calculations established that scVEGF/177Lu with a 3.4-kDa PEG linker delivered the highest dose of radiation to tumors (69.9 cGy/MBq/g of tissue) and the lowest dose to the kidneys (33.3 cGy/MBq/organ). Total doses below 40 MBq/mouse of scVEGF/177Lu did not affect renal function, and 3 divided doses of 6.3 MBq/mouse or a bolus dose of 18.9 MBq/mouse induced only transient lymphopenia and weight loss (<10% baseline weight). In mice with orthotopic mammary breast carcinoma, intravenous injections of well-tolerated bolus and fractionated doses of scVEGF/177Lu in the range from 6.3 to 18.9 MBq/mouse (25–76 MBq/m2) resulted in dose-dependent tumor growth inhibition. Immunohistochemical analysis of tumors at 4–5 wk after single injections of scVEGF/177Lu indicated dose-dependent regression of tumor vasculature and widespread intratumoral apoptosis. A single dose of 7.4 MBq/mouse of scVEGF/177Lu given before a course of bevacizumab or sunitinib treatment enhanced the antiangiogenic effects of both drugs. Conclusion: Selective targeting of VEGFR in tumor vasculature with well-tolerated doses of scVEGF/177Lu is effective in orthotopic breast cancer models. As high levels of VEGFR expression in the tumor vasculature are a common feature in a variety of cancers, targeting tumor angiogenesis with scVEGF/177Lu warrants further exploration.

Additional file 1: Figure S1. of Targeted scVEGF/177Lu radiopharmaceutical inhibits growth of metastases and can be effectively combined with chemotherapy

Representative image of mouse with 4T1luc bone metastatic lesions. CT and high resolution MicroCT of bone lesion areas show significant pitting and large areas of osteolysis. (PDF 118 kb)