Francis L. K. Hsu

Moving a mountain : cultural change in China

Papers originally presented at a conference entitled, Communication and cultural change in China, held in Jan. 1978 at the East-West Center, Honolulu. n nFor more about the East-West Center, see http://www.eastwestcenter.org/

Guild and Kinship Among the Butchers in West Town

This paper is an off-shoot of a wider investigation, the results of which will appear in a volume entitled, Family, Clan and Ancestor Worship in West Yunnan (provisional title). West Town is in Tali District and is one of the many comparatively larger interior Chinese towns. However, West Town has a number of distinguished features. For a preliminary idea of the town the reader is referred to F. L. K. Hsu: Magic and Science in Western Yunnan (IPR) New York, I943. The present tense is used throughout the present paper. which that of butchers (of pigs) is not the least important. This guild is said to have had its beginnings about forty or fifty years ago. It was then an independent but not formally organized thing. About six years ago the District Kuomintang Headquarters of Tali urged and helped to organize it into a definite Butchers Guild, and made it sub-

Incentives to work in Primitive Communities

Self-interest in the broadest sense, including the interests of ones family, friends or other group, is the motivation of labor in all societies. In EuroAmerican urban societies this self-interest operates largely through money acquisition and exchange. In pre-literate societies and also in rural, non-industrialized communities on all cultural levels, self-interest operates largely through conforming to community values, following prescribed rituals or magical beliefs, and maintaining valued personal relationships and esteem. Self-interest is differently defined by different cultures, in terms of goals; and by different castes and classes, in partly quantitative terms-ceilings and floors of aspiration. [Ed.]

The Japanese through American Eyes

Imagine that you get such certain awesome experience and knowledge by only reading a book. How can? It seems to be greater when a book can be the best thing to discover. Books now will appear in printed and soft file collection. One of them is this book the japanese through american eyes. It is so usual with the printed books. However, many people sometimes have no space to bring the book for them; this is why they cant read the book wherever they want.

Kinship and Culture

In 1965 Professor Hsu propounded a general hypothesis about kinship, and in the following year the Wenner-Gren Foundation paid it the unusual honour of a symposium at the Burg Wartenstein conference centre. The present dense and demanding volume is the result. It consists of an introduction by Hsu, eighteen papers addressed to one or other aspect of the hypothesis, and a concluding retrospect by the editor. The papers are divided into four parts: Theoretical ExplorationsMarion Levy, Paul Bohannan; Ethnographic Explorations-Igor Kopytoff (Suku, Congo), Frederick Barth (Middle East), Alan Howard (Fiji and Rotuma), Robert Hunt (Mexico), Thomas Rohlen (Tikopia and China), Ronald Berndt (Gunwinggu and Murngin), Eric de Dampierre (Nzakara), William Newell (India and China), Takao Sofue (Japan) ; Methodological Explorations-Fred Strodtbeck, Robert Edgerton; and Developmental Explorations-James Fernandez (Bantu), Anthony Wallace (Iroquois), Klaas van der Veen, Talcott Parsons, Francis Hsu. As an example of academic collaboration the volume is impressive, and as a repository of analytical and ethnographical exercises it is worth a place in any anthropological library. The theoretical outcome, expectably, is rather more difficult to report on. The hypothesis itself, in skeletal form, runs as follows: The dominant attributes of the domin-