Francisco de Paula Antunes Lima

A baixa adesão ao programa de ginástica laboral: buscando elementos do trabalho para entender o problema

This article discusses a labor gymnastics program implementation at a call center, evidencing the effects of labor organization on telemarketing work practices. It aims at understanding the reasons for the low participation in the program, which was implemented after the workers’ request, by the company ergonomics committee.

Por que os motociclistas profissionais se acidentam?: riscos de acidentes e estratégias de prevenção

O trabalho dos motociclistas profissionais constitui o foco investigativo do presente estudo, que fornece elementos para subsidiar os atores sociais nas negociacoes relativas a melhoria das condicoes de trabalho da categoria. Adotando-se a abordagem teorico-metodologica da escola da ergonomia da atividade, foi possivel conhecer os constrangimentos vivenciados e as estrategias construidas pelos motociclistas profissionais em face dos principais fatores socioeconomicos que geram pressao temporal no desenvolvimento da atividade.Os resultados obtidos foram analisados considerando-se o modo de funcionamento das unidades de producao em suas articulacoes com as instituicoes da cidade e a rede de servicos que garantem a meta de produzir mais em menor tempo. Finalmente, o estudo permitiu descrever os fatores acidentogenicos, ligando o plano macroeconomico e suas leis de mercado a rede tecnico-organizacional que sustenta as unidades produtivas, gerando o comportamento do tempo zero. E nesta encruzilhada que o motociclista profissional elabora as suas estrategias para garantir as metas de producao, a satisfacao do cliente e a sua autoprotecao, nem sempre bem-sucedida, contra os acidentes no trânsito.

Work activities within sustainable development

This paper presents the main results of a Franco-Brazilian Research project entitled “Work, Innovation and Development”. The aim is to conceptually consider work activity within sustainable development, and to contribute methodologically towards developing strategies for designing sustainable work systems. After a brief description of the factors and the dimensions that have contributed to the creation of ideas on sustainable development, we will put forward two main approaches for understanding work activity within the context of sustainability, these being: the durability of work activity and the development of work activities for sustainable development. Both approaches are presented and examples are given. This is followed by a discussion of the design of sustainable work systems that focuses particularly on the political and technical dimensions of project management.

Aspectos de complexidade do trabalho de coletores de lixo domiciliar: a gestão da variabilidade do trabalho na rua

The term complexity is frequently used in ergonomics research. However, the complexity of manual labor is rarely addressed. This article aims to demonstrate that there is a level of complexity involved in work considered predominantly physical, such as that of domestic waste collection, and that this complexity requires constant management on the part of workers. Aspects classifying a type of work as complex are also presented. Using the method of Ergonomic Work Analysis (EWA), we show how waste collectors manage the variability of their activities, demonstrating that the complexity of their work is comparable to that of other activities considered complex.

O programa de qualidade no setor hospitalar e as atividades reais da enfermagem: o caso da medicação

O objetivo deste estudo e analisar a politica de qualidade implementada pela gestao hospitalar na farmacia central e as caracteristicas da atividade de medicar realizada pelo auxiliar de enfermagem (AE). Adotou-se a abordagem proposta pela escola francesa de ergonomia. Avaliou-se o funcionamento do hospital e estudou-se a atividade do trabalho do AE em tempo real, possibilitando compreender as dificuldades enfrentadas no cotidiano e as estrategias implementadas. Viu-se que a atividade de trabalho esta inserida num paradoxo organizacional em que a qualidade exigida para o cumprimento da missao de medicar dificulta o cumprimento da propria tarefa, comprometendo, em ultima analise, a assistencia ao paciente.

Os limites da abordagem clássica dos acidentes de trabalho: o caso do setor extrativista vegetal em Minas Gerais

Based on publications and on a study of a case, the present article discusses traditional analyses of work accidents, focusing on timber exploitation industry, an activity that has been registering increasing mortality rates all over the world. Two techniques were employed: document research and field observation. The documents analyzed were available from the Parliamentary Investigation Commission. The workers observed for this study were divided into teams to cut down trees for a timber company. Their work method was studied by means of direct observation. In the technical reports consulted for the research, causality analyses were led primarily by the unsafe act ideology. However, field observations evidenced external determinants of occupational risks. Final analyses were able to identify methods of protecting against risks implemented by the workers themselves. Results indicate some limitations to traditional analyses that do not take into consideration the performance of tasks within risk zones, leading to biased ideas regarding workers’ unsafe behavior.

Ergonomia e projeto organizacional: a perspectiva do trabalho

Em contraposicao a sugestao de somar as abordagens da analise ergonomica do trabalho (AET) e do projeto organizacional (PO), apoiada na tese da limitacao de seus respectivos objetos, defendemos a tese de que estas disciplinas sao concorrentes e disputam um mesmo campo da realidade - o da organizacao do trabalho como um todo. Em relacao aos problemas teoricos e praticos postos pela organizacao do trabalho, a AET assume uma perspectiva propria no interior da producao (o ponto de vista da atividade - PVA), que consiste em priorizar a interatividade dos sujeitos produtores, situados em qualquer posicao da estrutura organizacional, na realizacao cotidiana de suas tarefas e funcoes. Sabendo que todo trabalho e socialmente organizado, o PVA constitui uma logica determinada de coordenacao das inter-relacoes entre os sujeitos sociais enquanto trabalhadores, que elaboram suas proprias normas e quadros de acao e de cooperacao. Atraves da logica da ativida de e possivel construir uma autonomia efetiva dos sujeitos sociais, que reelaboram permanentemente as regras formais dc organizacao do trabalho, criando uma organizacao real mais adequada as necessidades da producao concomitantemente com a regulacao individual e intcrindividual da carga de trabalho.

E se o assédio não fosse moral?: perspectivas de análise de conflitos interpessoais em situações de trabalho

Discussion on bullying at work intensified in Europe in the late 20th Century, after studies carried out by Heinz Leyman, in Sweden, and by Marie-France Hirigoyen, in France. They were focused on conceptualizing bullying at work, identifying its causes, usual occurrence patterns, and its effects on workers’ health. However, the debates have not converged on determinant factors of bullying at work, and doubt still remains over its real causes and the right way to confront it. In this essay, which empirical basis was derived from previous studies on security guards, we critically discuss the perspectives traditionally adopted when bullying at work is analyzed, and the most common proposals in facing it. We also point to their limitations, when bullying at work is explained essentially as an event of a moral and psychological nature. Opposed to these common proposals, we suggest adopting approaches which are grounded on work, and which evidence the perversity of the current management patterns.

Condicionantes sociais do projeto de instrumentos de trabalho: o caso de uma bancada de inspeção

The social nature of objects is recognized in their formal or aesthetic aspects, but this does not always generate guidelines for design in the functional aspect. Recently, cognitive dimensions have been incorporated into product design. Our intention in this article is to argue and demonstrate the importance of socio-cognitive interactions in the design of work instruments at the level of physical relations, always treated in accordance with biomechanical models. Taking as example the design of a work station for pharmaceutical products inspection, we show how the design had also to take into account the subjective conditioners derived from the social context in which the activity occurs.

Uma abordagem da Psicologia do Trabalho, na presença do trabalho / An approach of Work Psychology, in the presence of work

This article discusses fundamentals and assumptions often used for the understanding of work-related phenomena, in which work is seen as a mere ‘appendix’. Discussing the concepts of prescribed work and real work, the theoretical-methodological marks of ergonomics, ergologics and materialistic psychology, it points out problematic implications of such perspectives and presents the Work Psychology approach, according to which real work experiences and workers’ experiences are a central category in the understanding of subjectivity, of the subject’s development and of the health/illness processes, as conceived by Yves Clot. It gives an account of the experience of the research/extension project Connexions of Knowledge about Work, carried out in the methodological perspective of ‘Enlarged Scientific Community’ and the ‘Three-Pole Dynamic Device’. Factors leading to moral harassment, which, analyzed in the light of ‘real work’, is reconfigured as ‘psycho-social harassment’, are discussed