Francisco Manzano Agugliaro

LOCALIZACIÓN DE ENTRADAS DE AIRE EN CONDENSADORES DE CENTRALES TERMICAS MEDIANTE EL TEST DE HELIO

Power plants need to reduce operating costs to be competitive, by eliminating correctable causes of wasted energy and minimizing lost revenue due to forced outages. The main cause of these problems is the excessive air in-leakage in condensers. High air-leakage causes turbine back pressure to rise, dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration to increase and the plant heat rate (CE) to deteriorate to higher values. The development of methods to detect air in-leakage has involved from the methods based of foam, smoke and various audio methods, but it generated high levels of uncertainty. The method discussed in this study is the trace gas method, using helium (He), which has been tested in a power plant of 550 MW, with good results.

CARACTERIZACIÓN DE LA INTENSIDAD DEL VIENTO EN LA PROVINCIA DE ALMERÍA.

This article studies the wind strength in the province of Almery, using several techniques. It is based on data from 17 weather-stations (from 2000 to 2008). To start, it analyzes wind trend through special techniques, obtaining a range between 341.33 - 409,6 days ( in relationship with the studied period). Secondly it sets a minimum and maximum in the wind strength range (outside the 17 meteor-stations) and so it generates maps of wind (through interpolation space in a GIS) for each of theses ranges. These maps show that in the interior area, corresponding to Tijola-Finana-Cortafuego Triangle, the wind strength maximum is 2,5 and 4 m*s-1 and in the same area the wind strength minimum ( 3,7 - 5,2 m*s-1 ) in the highest level: in short this area is an high potential wind power.

EMPLEO DE LA FOTOGRAMETRÍA DIGITAL PARA LA EVALUACIÓN DEL SUELO CON RIESGO DE EROSIÓN EN OLIVAR

El olivar es uno de los cultivos mas importantes de Espana. La sostenibilidad a largo plazo en las zonas marginales depende de las buenas practicas agricolas. Una de ellas, es el mantenimiento de cubiertas vegetales para evitar la erosion, sobre todo en zonas de grandes pendientes. Por ello, determinar el porcentaje de cobertura vegetal en estas zonas es de vital importancia. El objetivo de este trabajo es la cuantificacion de cubierta vegetal en olivar mediante tecnicas de teledeteccion. Para conseguir este proposito, se emplearon 64 fotogramas aereos digitales de un olivar captados por el sensor aerotransportado Ultracam D de Vexcel. La zona de estudio fue un olivar de 32000 has en el Valle de los Pedroches en el sur de Espana, donde se utilizaron fotografias aereas digitales y datos de 173 parcelas. A estos fotogramas se les aplico la clasificacion orientada a objetos, tecnica que consiste en una segmentacion previa de la imagen permitiendonos aislar el olivar de la cubierta vegetal. De esta forma, se permite el trabajo con la imagen a nivel de objeto, lo que amplia notablemente la cantidad de informacion que se puede extraer de la misma. Para ello, se ha segmentado y clasificado las imagenes, empleando el software eCognition©. Los objetos resultantes sirven de base para la posterior clasificacion. Los resultados alcanzados muestran que se es capaz de conseguir una precision total del 96.10% y un excelente estadistico Kappa (94.10%) para la clasificacion orientada a objetos. Como conclusion final, se puede afirmar que esta nueva tecnica abre nuevas posibilidades para la determinacion de la cubierta vegetal en olivar.

SISTEMA ON LINE PARA LA MEDICION DE LA TEMPERATURA EN EL TENDIDO DE VANOS DE ALTA TENSIÓN

In the laying of high voltage power lines, special cases exist where there is a large gap between the supports, which must be controlled by surveying methods during the installation process. The control involves the calculation of the angle corresponding to the arrow on the conductor at a given temperature. As there may be significant variations in temperature between the ground and the conductor (in its final location), it is necessary controlling this variation. It has been developed a system for measuring the temperature of the conductor ends at the time of installation. This information is transmitted to a computer through an application developed in Matlab. This one automatically calculates the average temperature of the conductor, and, at the same time, it calculates the angle that should be the lowest point of the conductor in time to be fixed. On the other hand, the developed application also allows verifying by surveying methods whether the sag of a fixed conductor complies with current regulations: it is possible doing it in situ, without having to be under the power line.

Ensayo de segregación en cimentaciones para la estructura soporte de aerogeneradores off-shore hechas por vertido en caída libre

One of the major concern of wind farm offshore is the type of wind turbine foundation to be installed. When it comes to talk about offshore installation of pre-piled fixed jacket foundations (3-4 legs), one of the most critical activities to be performed by the installer is the grouting operation. For currently wind turbines size, are being installed on the new wind farms developments, pre-piling jacket installation is a very extended alternative used and we could be talking about piles with easily 30m length and between 2-3 m diameter which are drilled into the seabed until only 4-5 m come out the seabed line. Once piles have been installed into the seabed it comes the time to proceed with jacket legs installation. For this operation, heavy lift vessel is spready used due to dimension and weight of these structures and once structure has been guide-lifted over the sea level it starts coming down into the sea until it´s fixed into the already installed piles. Next step is to grouting-secured together both structures (pile and jacket) pouring grout, throughout the already pre-installed grouting lines into the lower part of the jacket leg, along the ring around between jacket leg and piles border as well as the gap between the stabbing cone (being the sharp shaped ending up of the jacket leg) and the ground (we´re usually talking about mm distance). Due to complexity of the overall manoeuvre as well as required precision not only for the grout system but for the right parameters should be considered for pouring in order to ensure the grout correctly into the pile/jacket annulus without segregation or other undesirable effects occurring a mock-up test was carried out. The proposed and analysed method defines a protocol that could be used and repeated for others offshore windfarms that are planned to be installed in the future over pre-pilled foundations. Running a grout wall test based on protocol described on this paper prior to offshore grout operations will guarantee mix of grout and lub is in line with grouting foundations requirements, saving pumping grout time and therefore vessel stand by costs as well as money savings for grout exceeds, avoiding segregation problems could lead up to in worst case to foundations removal with massive vessel standby costs for reparation of the entire installation foundation operation.