Francisco Zavala-García

The Effect of Drought Stress on Nutraceutical Properties of Zea mays Bran

The effect of drought stress on total phenols, hydroxycinnamic acids, and antioxidant capacity in Cebú, DK2027, and DK2034 maize hybrids was evaluated. Compared to irrigation treatment, total phenols decreased in drought stress treatment by 35.34%, 5.59%, and 31.57% in Cebú, DK2027, and DK2034, respectively. In addition, the levels of t-ferulic, c-ferulic and p-coumaric acids decreased by 17.74%, 23.93%, and 29.83% in Cebú, by 8.92%, 8.62%, and 24.03% in DK2027, and by 13.66%, 11.03%, and 10.38% in DK2034, respectively. The predominant hydroxycinnamic acid from bran extracts was t-ferulic (67% to 72%), followed by c-ferulic (20% to 21%), and p-coumaric (7% to 11%) for both irrigation and drought stress treatments, while caffeic and sinapic acids were found in traces or were not detected. The antioxidant capacity decreased by 8%, 3%, and 9% in trolox equivalents and 7%, 17%, and 14% in percentage of radical scavenging activity for Cebú, DK2027, and DK2034 genotypes, respectively. The reduction of total phenols, hydroxycinnamic acids, and antioxidant capacity is due to the radical scavenging and photoprotective actions of hydroxycinnamic acids against highly reactive oxygen species generated under drought stress treatment.ZusammenfassungDie Wirkung von Trockenstress auf Gesamtphenole, Hydroxyzimtsäuren und die antioxidative Kapazität in Cebú‑, DK2027- und DK2034-Maishybriden wurde untersucht. Verglichen mit dem Bewässerungsregime sanken während der Trockenstressbehandlung die Gesamtphenole um 35,34 %, 5,59 % bzw. 31,57 % in Cebú, DK2027 und DK2034. Darüber hinaus sank der Gehalt an t-Ferulasäure, c-Ferulasäure und p-Cumarsäure um 17,74 %, 23,93 % bzw. 29,83 % in Cebú, um 8,92 %, 8,62 % und 24,03 % in DK2027 und um 13,66 %, 11,03 % bzw. 10,38 % in DK2034. Die vorherrschende Hydroxyzimtsäure aus Kleieextrakten war im Bewässerungs- und Trockenstressregime t-Ferulasäure (67 %–72 %), gefolgt von c-Ferulasäure (20 %–21 %) und p-Cumarsäure (7 %–11 %). Kaffee- und Sinapinsäure wurden nur in Spuren oder überhaupt nicht gefunden. Die antioxidative Kapazität verringerte sich um 8 %, 3 % und 9 % gemessen in Trolox-Äquivalenten und um 7 %, 17 % und 14 % gemessen als prozentualer Anteil der radikalfangenden Aktivität für Cebú‑, DK2027- und DK2034-Genotypen. Die Verringerung der Gesamtphenole, der Hydroxyzimtsäuren und der antioxidativen Kapazität ist zurückzuführen auf die radikalfangenden und photoprotektiven Wirkungen der Hydroxyzimtsäuren gegen reaktive Sauerstoffspezies, die unter Trockenstress entstehen.

COMPORTAMIENTO AGRONÓMICO DE LÍNEAS PARA LA PRODUCCIÓN DE SEMILLA DE SORGO

The objective of the study was to evaluate the agronomic performance of A, B isogenic lines and R grain sorghum lines which restore androfertility of sorghum for grain production. This work was performed during the spring-summer 2010 in Marin Nuevo Leon under drip irrigation. Days to flowering, seed yield per plant, brix degrees and weight of 1000 seeds were measured. The statistical analysis with the benchmark test of averages with independent samples was realized in A, B sorghum lines to days to flowering, seed yield per plant, brix degrees and weight of 1000 seeds. In R lines the analysis of variance and DMS (P<0.05%) test was performed. A an B lines were not completely isogenic; there are A and R lines that may be crossed to produce commercial sorghum grain seed. B and R lines might be used as varieties and A, R parental lines planting splits were defined to produce hybrid sorghum seed.

Agronomic performance of sorghum seed production lines.

The objective of the study was to evaluate the agronomic performance of A, B isogenic lines and R grain sorghum lines which restore androfertility of sorghum for grain production. This work was performed during the spring-summer 2010 in Marin Nuevo Leon under drip irrigation. Days to flowering, seed yield per plant, brix degrees and weight of 1000 seeds were measured. The statistical analysis with the benchmark test of averages with independent samples was realized in A, B sorghum lines to days to flowering, seed yield per plant, brix degrees and weight of 1000 seeds. In R lines the analysis of variance and DMS (P<0.05%) test was performed. A an B lines were not completely isogenic; there are A and R lines that may be crossed to produce commercial sorghum grain seed. B and R lines might be used as varieties and A, R parental lines planting splits were defined to produce hybrid sorghum seed.