Frank Effenberger

Time- and Wavelength-Division Multiplexed Passive Optical Network (TWDM-PON) for Next-Generation PON Stage 2 (NG-PON2)

The next-generation passive optical network stage 2 (NG-PON2) effort was initiated by the full service access network (FSAN) in 2011 to investigate on upcoming technologies enabling a bandwidth increase beyond 10 Gb/s in the optical access network. The FSAN meeting in April 2012 selected the time- and wavelength-division multiplexed passive optical network (TWDM-PON) as a primary solution to NG-PON2. In this paper, we summarize the TWDM-PON research in FSAN by reviewing the basics of TWDM-PON and presenting the worlds first full-system 40 Gb/s TWDM-PON prototype. After introducing the TWDM-PON architecture, we explore TWDM-PON wavelength plan options to meet the NG-PON2 requirements. TWDM-PON key technologies and their respective level of development are further discussed to investigate its feasibility and availability. The first full-system 40 Gb/s TWDM-PON prototype is demonstrated to provide 40 Gb/s downstream and 10 Gb/s upstream bandwidth. This full prototype system offers 38 dB power budget and supports 20 km distance with a 1:512 split ratio. It coexists with commercially deployed Gigabit PON (G-PON) and 10 Gigabit PON (XG-PON) systems. The operator-vendor joint test results testify that TWDM-PON is achievable by the reuse and integration of commercial devices and components.

An introduction to PON technologies [Topics in Optical Communications]

Passive optical networks are the most important class of fiber access systems in the world today. This article first reviews the reasons why the PON as a general architecture is so important. We then outline in some depth the technologies used to implement this architecture, including the G-PON and E-PON systems being deployed today, and the advanced PON systems that provide the evolution path to ever higher bandwidths

Next-generation PON-part II: Candidate systems for next-generation PON

Given the requirements for a next-generation PON, the architecture of the system solution must be considered. There are many different systems that can provide the services and system-level features desired for a next generation PON; however, each has its own challenges and advantages. This article presents the set of possible solutions, and puts them into perspective of likely standardization. It also considers how the key requirement of coexistence could be accommodated.

The XG-PON System: Cost Effective 10 Gb/s Access

The ten gigabit passive optical network (XG-PON) system is the newest member of the ITU-T family of passive optical network standards. XG-PON is the result of a 3 year project involving the full service access network (FSAN) group and ITU-T study group 15 (SG15) question 2. This paper reviews the deliberations that led to the selection of the XG-PON system, and then explains the three primary layers of the system: physical, protocol, and management. The paper concludes with information on standards and implementations of the system, and on future work in this area.

Standardization trends and prospective views on the next generation of broadband optical access systems

This paper reviews the major trends in the next generations of optical access systems. The motivations behind the development of advanced systems are presented, and then three major technical areas are explored. First, the field of 10 Gbit/s passive optical network (PON) systems is laid out. Second, the various solutions to long reach PON are reviewed. Third, the very wide and exciting field ofWDMand hybrid WDM-TDMA PONs are discussed. The paper closes with a review of the expected timeline for the standardization of these technologies.

Demonstration of a 40Gb/s time and Wavelength Division Multiplexed passive optical network prototype system

We demonstrate a TWDM-PON prototype system with 40Gb/s downstream and 10Gb/s upstream bandwidth. It supports 20km distance with a 1:512 split ratio. It also coexists with commercially deployed G-PON and XG-PON systems.

Next-generation PON-part III: System specifications for XP-PON

With the knowledge that XG-PON is of primary interest to service providers as their preferred next generation optical access system, the investigation next turns to determining its technical specifications. This article presents the current thinking on the XG-PON systems. It presents a rough outline of the system design for the wavelength plan, the power budget, the protocol, and the management and service model. This work is likely to be the basis for standardization in upcoming ITU-T recommendations.

Time-division-multiplexed few-mode passive optical network.

We demonstrate the first few-mode-fiber based passive optical network, effectively utilizing mode multiplexing to eliminate combining loss for upstream traffic. Error-free performance has been achieved for 20-km low-crosstalk 3-mode transmission in a commercial GPON system carrying live Ethernet traffic. The alternative approach of low modal group delay is also analyzed with simulation results over 10 modes.

Efficient Mobile Fronthaul via DSP-Based Channel Aggregation

Mobile fronthaul is an important network segment that bridges wireless baseband units and remote radio units to support cloud radio access network. We review recent progresses on the use of frequency-division multiplexing to achieve highly bandwidth-efficient mobile fronthaul with low latency. We present digital signal processing (DSP) techniques for channel aggregation and deaggregation, frequency-domain windowing, adjacent channel leak age ratio reduction, and synchronous transmission of both the I/Q waveforms of wireless signals and the control words (CWs) used for control and management purposes. In a proof-of-concept experiment, we demonstrate the transmission of 48 20-MHz LTE signals with a common public radio interface (CPRI) equivalent data rate of 59 Gb/s, achieving a low round-trip DSP latency of <;2 μs and a low mean error-vector magnitude (EVM) of ~2.5% after fiber transmission. In a follow-up experiment, we further demonstrate the transmission of 32 20-MHz LTE signals together with CPRI-compliant CWs, corresponding to a CPRI-equivalent data rate of 39.32 Gb/s, in single optical wavelength channel that requires an RF bandwidth of only ~1.6 GHz. After transmission over 5-km standard single-mode fiber, the CWs are recovered without error, while the LTE signals are recovered with an EVM of lower than 3%. Applying this technique to future 5G wireless networks with massive multiple-input multiple-output is also discussed. This efficient mobile fronthaul technique may find promising applications in future integrated fiber/wireless access networks to provide ultrabroadband access services.

Passive Optical Networks (PONs): Past, present, and future

Optical access solutions have attracted the attention of researchers from both academia and industry for a long time. In the past these solutions were not cost effective for service-provider deployment. This situation has been changing over recent years. Passive Optical Networks (PONs) represent one of the most attractive optical access-network solutions. In this paper, we examine the history of PONs, investigate their current status, and explore their future opportunities. The focus of our review is on PON standards and on deployment trends.