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Dive into the research topics where Fred E. Markowitz is active.

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Featured researches published by Fred E. Markowitz.


Journal of Health and Social Behavior | 1998

The effects of stigma on the psychological well-being and life satisfaction of persons with mental illness.

Fred E. Markowitz

Building on modified labeling theory, I examine the relationships between stigma, psychological well-being, and life satisfaction among persons with mental illness. The study uses longitudinal data from 610 individuals in self-help groups and outpatient treatment. Results from cross-sectional and lagged regression models show adverse effects of stigma on the outcomes considered. However, much of the effects of anticipated rejection are due to discriminatory experiences. The results also indicate that stigma is related to depressive-anxiety types of symptoms but not psychotic symptoms. Although the findings show that the negative effect of stigma on life satisfaction is partly mediated by self-concept, reciprocal effects models indicate that the relationship between self-concept and life satisfaction is bi-directional. The study suggests ways in which stigma processes need to be explored in greater detail.


Journal of Family Violence | 2001

Attitudes and Family Violence: Linking Intergenerational and Cultural Theories

Fred E. Markowitz

Drawing on intergenerational transmission and cultural (attitudinal) theories, this study examines the extent to which attitudes help explain (1) the relationship between experiencing violence while growing up and subsequent violence against one amp apose;s children and spouse, and(2) demographic differences in violence. Structural equation modeling techniques are used to examine data from a representative sample of the general population and a sample of ex-offenders. The findings indicate that experiencing violence while growing up is related to favorable attitudes towards violence against spouses. The experience of violence while growing up and attitudes are related to violence against both children and spouses. The relationship between experiencing violence while growing up and engaging in violence against spouses is mediated by attitudes. The results also suggest that men and nonwhites are more approving of violence towards spouses. However, attitudes do not account for demographic differences in violence against children and spouses.


Journal of Health and Social Behavior | 2001

Modeling processes in recovery from mental illness: relationships between symptoms, life satisfaction, and self-concept.

Fred E. Markowitz

For persons with severe mental illness, controlling symptoms, regaining a positive sense of self, dealing with stigma and discrimination, and trying to lead a productive and satisfying life is increasingly referred to as the ongoing process of recovery. Drawing on psychiatric-medical and stress-social support models, and theories of self-concept and stigma, this study examines social-psychological processes in recovery from mental illness. Using longitudinal questionnaire data from 610 persons in self-help groups and outpatient treatment, 1 estimate a series of models of the relationships between key elements identified as part of the recovery process: symptoms, self-concept, and life satisfaction. The results show that these elements affect each other in a reciprocal manner. Moreover, findings indicate a key role for self-esteem, which mediates the effect of life satisfaction on symptoms. The study suggests a general framework for examining processes involved in recovery from mental illness.


Aggression and Violent Behavior | 2003

Socioeconomic disadvantage and violence: Recent research on culture and neighborhood control as explanatory mechanisms

Fred E. Markowitz

This article reviews recent theoretical and empirical developments that further our understanding of the relationship between socioeconomic disadvantage and violence. Previously hampered by lack of appropriate data and model specification, there has been significant revitalization of research testing cultural and social disorganization theories. Recent studies have examined the role of attitudes in violence, the social-structural sources of those attitudes, and community-level social control processes.


Social Psychology Quarterly | 2011

Stigma, Reflected Appraisals, and Recovery Outcomes in Mental Illness:

Fred E. Markowitz; Beth Angell; Jan S. Greenberg

Drawing on modified labeling theory and the reflected appraisals process and using longitudinal data from 129 mothers and their adult children with schizophrenia, we estimate models of the effects of mothers’ stigmatized identity appraisals of their mentally ill children on reflected and self-appraisals, and how appraisals affect outcomes (symptoms, self-efficacy, life satisfaction). Results indicate that initial symptoms and functioning are related to how significant others think about their ill family members, how persons with mental illness think others perceive them, and how they perceive themselves. Part of the effects of initial symptoms and functioning on reflected appraisals are due to mothers’ appraisals. A small part of the effects of outcomes on self-appraisals are due to others’ and reflected appraisals. Stigmatized self-appraisals are related to outcomes, but reflected appraisals do not affect outcomes directly. Implications for modified labeling theory and social psychological processes in recovery from mental illness are discussed.


American Journal of Sociology | 1999

Modeling the Relationship Between the Criminal Justice and Mental Health Systems

Allen E. Liska; Fred E. Markowitz; Rachel Bridges Whaley; Paul E. Bellair

The last decade has witnessed a plethora of social control studies, ranging from imprisonment to psychiatric hospitalization. Unfortunately, research on each of these two forms tends to be isolated from the other, and research on the relationships between them is limited. In this article, the relationship between the mental health and criminal justice systems is examined. The relationship is modeled in terms of the casual processes that underlie it: processes that are common to both systems, and processes that underlie the effect of one system on another. Using a panel of cities, the article reveals strong cross‐system effects and that racial composition strongly influences jail capacity. Through this effect, both jail and hospital admissions are influenced.


Mental Health Services Research | 2003

Demonstrating Translational Research for Mental Health Services: An Example from Stigma Research

Patrick W. Corrigan; Galen V. Bodenhausen; Fred E. Markowitz; Leonard S. Newman; Kenneth A. Rasinski; Amy C. Watson

In seeking to understand how the goal of providing efficient and effective mental health services can best be attained, services researchers have developed principles and methods that distinguish it from other research approaches. In 2000, the National Institute of Mental Health called for translational research paradigms that seek to expand the conceptual and methodological base of mental health services with knowledge gained from basic behavioral sciences such as cognitive, developmental, and social psychology. The goal of this paper is to enter the discussion of what is translational research by illustrating a services research program of the Chicago Consortium for Stigma Research on mental illness stigma. Our research strives to explain the prejudice and discrimination that some landlords and employers show toward people with mental illness in terms of basic research from social psychology and contextual sociology. We end the paper with a discussion of the implications of this research approach for the very practical issues of trying to change mental illness stigma.


Journal of Mental Health | 2016

Mental illness stigma and disclosure in college students

Patrick W. Corrigan; Kristin Kosyluk; Fred E. Markowitz; Robyn Lewis Brown; Bridget Conlon; Jo Rees; Jessica Rosenberg; Sarah Ellefson; Maya A. Al-Khouja

Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between mental illness identity, shame, secrecy, public stigma, and disclosure amongst college students. Participants included 1393 college students from five postsecondary institutions. Methods: Structural equation modeling was used to examine two path models predicting disclosure and desire to join a program aiding with disclosure. Results: Variables found to be significant in predicting disclosure included mental illness identity and public stigma. In turn, desire for disclosure predicted desire to join a program aiding in disclosure. Gender and race/ethnic differences were observed, with men and Whites more likely to want to disclose a mental illness or join a program aiding with disclosure compared with women and non-Whites, respectively. Conclusions: These findings suggest that some college students may find programs aiding in disclosure useful in assisting them to achieve their desire to be “out” with their mental illness.


Criminology | 2015

POLICE RESPONSE TO DOMESTIC VIOLENCE: SITUATIONS INVOLVING VETERANS EXHIBITING SIGNS OF MENTAL ILLNESS*

Fred E. Markowitz; Amy C. Watson

Drawing on attribution theory, research on police discretion, and public attitudes toward mental illness, we examine attributional processes in police decision making in response to domestic violence situations involving veterans and nonveterans with signs of mental illness. Using data from experimental vignettes varying veteran status, victim injury, and suspect compliance administered to a sample of 309 police officers, the results indicate that 1) veterans are perceived as less responsible for troublesome behavior but more dangerous than nonveterans, 2) suspects’ veteran status has a significant effect on officers’ preference for mental health treatment versus arrest, and 3) part of the effect of veteran status on officer response is mediated by internal and external attributions for problematic behavior and by perceptions of dangerousness. The study empirically demonstrates countervailing processes in police decision making—recognition of the causes for troublesome behavior and the need for mental health treatment on the one hand and concern for community safety and enforcing the law on the other.


Health Sociology Review | 2015

Involvement in mental health self-help groups and recovery

Fred E. Markowitz

Self-help groups for mental health problems are widely used, yet studies of their effectiveness show mixed results and are often not theoretically guided. Drawing on empowerment, stigma, and social selection perspectives, we test a theoretically organized model of the relationships between self-help group involvement, empowerment, and recovery outcomes (symptoms and quality of life). Using two-wave survey data from a sample of 553 persons with mental illnesses in self-help groups and outpatient services, we find (1) ‘social selection’ effects – persons with greater symptoms and lower quality of life are less likely to be a part of self-help groups, (2) that self-help is associated with some beneficial effects on self-esteem, but is associated with stronger beliefs about expected stigma, (3) that self-help may yield only slight benefits to quality of life, and (4) perceived helpfulness of self-help and group involvement are reciprocally related. Open-ended questions reveal why some of our respondents never attended self-help group meetings, why those who continue to attend do so, and why others stop attending.

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Patrick W. Corrigan

Illinois Institute of Technology

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Amy C. Watson

University of Illinois at Chicago

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Bridget Conlon

University of Wisconsin–Platteville

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Kristin Kosyluk

Illinois Institute of Technology

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Maya A. Al-Khouja

Illinois Institute of Technology

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Sarah Ellefson

Illinois Institute of Technology

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Allen E. Liska

Northern Illinois University

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Amy Watson

Northern Illinois University

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