Fred Fedler

Journalists’ hostility toward public relations: an historical analysis

Abstract Journalists seem to treat public relations and its practitioners with contempt. However, this tension is complex and no studies have investigated the problem’s historic roots. Thus, this paper explores the perspective of “early insiders” through an historical analysis of autobiographies, biographies, and magazine articles written by and about early US newspaper reporters and editors. Results revealed six interrelated factors that contributed to the origins, persistence, and contradictions surrounding the hostility. The paper concludes with practical implications and future research directions.

An Historical Analysis of Journalists′ Attitudes toward Advertisers and Advertising's Influence

Abstract Journalists often seem to have contradictory attitudes toward advertisers and advertisings influence. The relationship is necessary but complicated and no studies have investigated its historic roots. Thus, this article explores the perspective of “journalisms early insiders,” through an historical analysis of autobiographies, biographies, and magazine articles written by and about early U.S. newspaper reporters and editors. Results reveal eight interrelated factors contributing to the origins of these attitudes. The article concludes with implications and future research recommendations.

Insiders' Stories: Coping with Newsroom Stress: An Historical Perspective

Abstract Journalists often complain about stress, but stress in the newsroom is not new. Earlier generations of journalists also endured it and received no help for it. This study explores how early journalists coped with stress through an historical analysis of autobiographies, biographies, and magazine articles written by and about early U.S. newspaper reporters and editors. Results reveal that early journalists blamed nine factors for their stress and responded to the stress in four primary ways.

The Beginnings of Communication Study In America: A Personal Memoir By Wilbur Schramm.: By Steven H. Chaffee and Everett M. Rogers, eds., Sage Publications: Thousand Oaks, CA 1997. 206 pp.

be caught in the worst of all worlds. They faced the prejudice of the Deep South and the ghetto structure of northern communities. At the end of the century, Baltimore benefits from a strong middle class black community that provides most of the citys political leadership. The Afro-American was instrumental in the creation of that middle class. And Farrars history of the newspaper provides important

Employee-owned dailies: The triumph of economic self interest over journalistic ideals

Abstract Employee‐owned dailies appear to be an ideal concept for the newspaper industry. While fulfilling journalists’ dreams of ownership, the dailies might solve a multitude of problems. This paper examines the concept, which is important because 260 dailies remain independent, and some owners want their publications to remain locally owned. Still, as the United States moves into the 21st century, few owners seem likely to turn their dailies over to their employees, and this paper analyzes the reasons for the concepts apparent failure. During the 20th century, 14 dailies were acquired by their employees, and only four survived. Many of the others were sold, often in just a few years.

Reporters and the Newspaper Guild: Membership Attitudes and Salaries.

w Union membership in the United States reached its peak in 1945, when 36% of the work force was organized. Since then, the figure has declined to 24%. From 1974 to 1977, for example, the U.S. economy generated 6 million new jobs, yet the number of dues-paying union members declined by 500,000. Despite the general declines, unions representing white-collar workers have experienced dramatic gains; more than 17% of the nation’s current union members are white-collar workers. The Newspaper Guild, which represents reporters, was established in 1933 and, by 1958, had attracted 30,099 members. But during the next 20 years, the Guild’s membership rose to 33,594, an increase of only 11.6%. In their sociological portrait of American journalists, Johnstone, Slawski and Bowman found that, compared to other professionals, journalists are less likely to become involved in professional organizations of any type. Johnstone, Slawski and Bowman reported that fewer than half of all journalists-45.3%-belong to a professional organization, and that “only about one newsman in eight belongs to any

100 Jobs Dominate News During Florida Election

or 50 votes short of a convention majority on July 9, was the theme of newsmen in 242 presidential theme interviews (69%) (p<.05). Wallace, a newsmaker who had taken strong minority positions on busing, tax reform and other issues, and was a key speaker, was second to McGovern as a presidential interview theme on all networks (14%). Humphrey, who entered the convention second in strength but who withdrew before Tuesday’s session, was third (8%). Additionally, although CBS and NBC aired almost equal amounts of broadcast time and nearly double ABC‘s, NBC conducted more than twice as many live floor interviews as did CBS and almost four times as many as did ABC. Four NBC newspersons accounted for more live floor interviews than did all CBS and ABCfloor interviewers. Seventy-eight percent of the 256 persons interviewed live on the floor by all networks during the four convention nights appeared on NBC. Most news sources (69%) were seen on only one network. The fact that the 1972 c o n v e n t i o n was a c o n v e n t i o n of unknowns, with only I 1 % of delegates having been delegates in 1968 and only 32% having held even minor posts in the party or government, gave the networks little reason for unanimity in source selection. The 35 persons interviewed on all networks were candidates, family members of candidates, chief operatives of candidates and office holders.

JMC Faculty Divided: Most Find Dozen Uses for Research

Nearly all respondents to survey say they use research. But the extent of emphasis on research by colleges and universities may be exaggerated.

Faculty Members in Ad/PR Perceive Discrimination in Academia.

Abstract The members of AEJMCs Advertising and Public Relations Divisions say they are treated fairly by their chairs, but are not always respected and treated fairly by others. When asked about 10 aspects of academia, members of the Public Relations Division said their schools favor their news/editorial faculties in 9 of the areas.

Time and "Newsweek" Favor John F. Kennedy, Criticize Robert and Edward Kennedy.

w Time and Newsweek magazines are enormously successful and enormously influential. Together, the two magazines reach about 40 million Americans every week. But a former writer for Time complained the magazine was “dishonestly written” and, “Every single story carries the slant of the editor, Henry Luce.”l Author David Halberstam called Luce a “national propagandist,” and, as a recent article in the Los Angeles Times explained, “Henry Luce was a Calvinist and a conservative, and his view of the world was Time’s view of the world-morally, socially, intellectually and, most important of all, politically.”2 Time’s editors insist the magazine has become more objective. Other journalists rely upon Time, and many now consider it one of the nation’sfairest and most reliable publications.)