Frederick D. Otto

Kinetics of the reaction of carbon dioxide with 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol solutions

Abstract Reaction rate constants for the reaction between CO 2 and the sterically hindered amine, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP), were determined from measurements of the rate of absorption of CO 2 into both aqueous and nonaqueous (1-propanol) AMP solutions. A stirred-cell reactor having a horizontal liquid-gas interface was used for the absorption studies. The zwitterion mechanism was found to be suitable for modelling the absorption of CO 2 into the aqueous AMP solutions and into the 1-propanol-AMP solvent. The partial order in amine is greater than one for both cases. The kinetic parameters for aqueous AMP solutions were obtained for temperatures from 15 to 45°C and over the concentration range of 0.25–3.5 kmol m −3 of AMP.

Solubility of N2O in alkanolamines and in mixed solvents

Abstract The solubility of N2O in pure alkanolamines (MEA, DEA, DIPA, TEA, MDEA and AMP) has been measured over the temperature range from 20 to 85 °C at exponential function of temperature. The densities of the pure alkanolamines were determined at temperatures from 20 to 90 °C. A semiempirical model in amine mixtures is presented. The model is based on the work by Prausnitz and Chueh, by Prausnitz and by Boublik and Hala. Correlations of experi out for eight systems (MDEA-H2O, AMP-H2O, DIPA-H2O, DEA-H2O, MEA-H2O, AMP-MDEA-H2O, AMP-TMS-H2O and DEA-EG-H2O) between concentrations. Comparison with the experimental results indicates that the model should be reliable for estimating the solubility of N2O in alkano solvents. The solubility data for pure amines and the correlation for mixed solvents may be applied to estimate the solubility of CO2 gas in pure o 2 analogy.

Vaporliquid equilibria for acid gases and lower alkanes in triethylene glycol

Abstract The solubility of carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, methane, ethane and propane in triethylene glycol has been determined at temperatures in the range 25° to 125°C at pressures up to 20 MPa. The experimental results were correlated by a form of the Peng-Robinson equation of state, and interaction parameters have been obtained for these systems. The parameters in the Krichevsky-Ilinskaya equation were obtained from the interaction parameters of the Peng-Robinson equation.

Solubility of H2S, CO2, CH4 and C2H6 in sulfolane at elevated pressures

Abstract The solubility of hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, methane, and ethane in sulfolane [C.A. Registry No. 126-33-0] has been determined at temperatures in the range 25° to 130°C at pressures up to 7.6 MPa. The experimental results were correlated by the Peng-Robinson equation of state, and interaction parameters have been obtained for these systems. The parameters in the Krichevsky-Ilinskaya equation were obtained from the interaction parameters of the Peng-Robinson equation.

Representation of the equilibrium solubility properties of CO2 with aqueous solutions of 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol

Abstract A mathematical model based on the extended Debye—Huckel equation is established for representing the equilibrium solubility of CO 2 in aqueous 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) solutions. The parameters of the model are obtained as well. The predicted values are in good agreement with the available experimental data. The reaction equilibrium constants of CO 2 with aqueous AMP solutions and the stability constant of the carbamate are estimated using this model. The results indicate that the reaction of CO 2 with aqueous AMP solutions to form the aminobase and bicarbonate ions is the dominant reaction. This work is useful for further investigations of the kinetics of the absorption of CO 2 by aqueous AMP solutions.

Phase equilibria in the system n-butane-water-methyldiethanolamine

Abstract Aqueous solutions of alkanolamines are often used to remove the acid gases (CO 2 and H 2 S) from hydrocarbon streams. The application of the absorption process to liquid hydrocarbons is not as well developed as its use for gaseous hydrocarbon streams. As well, experimental data for systems of amine solutions and liquefied petroleum gases are scarce. New data have been obtained for the equilibria in the system n -butane-water-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA). A knowledge of the phase behavior in this system is needed to model the equilibria encountered in the quaternary and quinary systems of industrial importance. In this work vapor-liquid, liquid-liquid and vapor-liquid-liquid equilibria have been measured at temperatures between 25° and 150°C at pressures up to 20 MPa for a 3 M solution of MDEA.

The distribution of hydrogen sulfide between an aqueous amine solution and liquid propane

Abstract In this work, new data are presented for the equilibrium in the system hydrogen sulfide-propane-water-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA). The concentration of the MDEA in the aqueous phase was 3 M. Data for the equilibrium between an aqueous liquid, a non-aqueous liquid and a vapor were obtained for five temperatures between 0° and 100°C and for pressures up to 8.8 MPa.

Hydroprocessing Of Syncrude Coker Gas Oil

The results of hydrotreating studies of coker gas oil over commercial Ni-Mo and Ni-W catalysts are reported in this paper. Experiments were carried out with a continuous, well-stirred reactor at 380 to 420°C, 13.9 MPa, and LHSVs of 11 to 23 mL/(h·g of catalyst). Variations in the presulfiding procedure had very little effect on the steady-state catalytic activities. The Ni-Mo catalysts were superior to the Ni-W catalyst for the hydrotreating of coker gas oil. Apparent activation energies of 115, 125, 135 and 172 kJ/mol were obtained for denitrogenation, desulfurization, pitch conversion and hydrocarbon gas formation over Ni-Mo. Homogeneous reactions contributed significantly to the formation of light hydrocarbon gases.

A Statistical Method For Predicting The Product Volume Distribution In Thecal Hydroprocessing Of A Heavy Gas Oil

A simple empirical basis for correlating experimental boiling-point simulation curves for thermal hydroprocessing of heavy gas oils is described. The computer-based method uses the statistical beta function to predict the upgrading of narrow BP cuts of the liquid oil feed. The method has been tested using Athabasca-based and Lloydminster heavy gas oils upgraded at 13.9 MPa and 400° to 440°C.