Fredrik Östrand
Lund University
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Featured researches published by Fredrik Östrand.
Agricultural and Forest Entomology | 2003
Fredrik Östrand; Olle Anderbrant
Abstract 1 Two new concepts describing the origin of insects caught in an attractive trap are presented.
Journal of Chemical Ecology | 2008
Fredrik Östrand; Ian R. Wallis; Noel W. Davies; Mamoru Matsuki; Martin J. Steinbauer
The autumn gum moth, Mnesampela privata, utilizes several species of Eucalyptus planted outside regions of endemism within Australia. We investigated whether foliar monoterpene composition influenced oviposition in the field on the natural primary host (E. globulus) and a novel host (E. rubida), both characterized by nonstructural epicuticular waxes. In the laboratory, oviposition preferences of females for species and families of known host, novel hosts, and non-hosts that were characterized by both nonstructural and structural waxes but also varied in foliar concentrations of the purportedly toxic plant secondary metabolite (sideroxylonal) were studied. Although M. privata laid as many eggs on trees of two families of E. rubida as they did on trees of two families of E. globulus, there were significant differences in the numbers of clutches of eggs laid. When combined with data for oviposition on another five families of E. globulus, we found a negative relationship between mean numbers of eggs and foliar concentration of α-pinene but a positive relationship between egg numbers and the concentration of α-terpineol. The field data suggest that female M. privata are just as willing to lay eggs on novel hosts with comparable foliar monoterpene compositions to those of the primary host, especially if they produce nonstructural epicuticular waxes. Oviposition assays in the laboratory endorse this mechanism of host plant hierarchy and support the long-held assumption of the host primacy of E. globulus. In laboratory assays, some larvae pupated on all hosts (except Corymbia eximia) but the number completing larval development was greater on hosts with softer leaves. Larval survival was also reduced on hosts with high concentrations of sideroxylonal but only if those hosts also had modest to high concentrations of monoterpenes. Larval survival was high on a host (E. macarthurii) with a high concentration of sideroxylonal but with virtually zero monoterpene content. This suggests that the monoterpene content of a host could antagonize the effect on M. privata larvae of its sideroxylonal content. The larval food plant most affected the fitness of female rather than male pupae. Of the known host expansion events, all have occurred in mixed species plantations. The co-occurrence in these plantations of either the primary host or other highly ranked species probably explains the eventual expansion onto the neighboring species of Eucalyptus and Corymbia.
Naturwissenschaften | 1998
Gunnar Bergström; Ann-Britt Wassgren; Olle Anderbrant; Samuel A. Ochieng; Fredrik Östrand; Bill S. Hansson; Erik Hedenström; Hans-Erik Högberg
Correspondence to: H.-E. Hogberg, e-mail: [email protected] The pheromone of the pine sawfly Microdiprion pallipes (Fallen) (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae) has been identified as at least one stereoisomer of 3,7,11-trimethyl-2-tridecyl propionate. The corresponding alcohol precursor occurs in about 1.5 ng per female. The active compound in esterified extracts from females was singled out by gas chromatography combined with electroantennographic detection. Its structure was elucidated using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry in combination with synthesis. A mixture of the 16 possible stereoisomers of 3,7,11-trimethyl-2-tridecanol was prepared. The gas chromatogram of the synthetic material gave two peaks, one of which displayed the same retention time and mass spectrum as that of natural virgin female extract. The propionate of the synthetic material was found to be active both in electroantennography and in field tests.
Journal of Insect Behavior | 1999
Fredrik Östrand; Rolf Wedding; Erling Jirle; Olle Anderbrant
Females of the European pine sawfly, Neodiprion sertifer (Geoffr.) (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae), were released and observed inside and outside (=control) of areas treated with their sex pheromone for the purpose of mating disruption. In 1992 and 1993, respectively, 0 and 2.5% of the females were observed mating in the pheromone treated area during the first day, compared with 28 and 26% in the control area. Of the females that mated, approximately 50% stayed on their twigs and oviposited, while the remaining 50% disappeared. Significantly more females disappeared from their twigs inside the treated area compared to the control area in both years. No difference was found in the proportion of unmated females ovipositing (2–12%) between the treated and the control area. Predation was responsible for much of the disappearance, but deliberate dispersal was also noted. Mating and dispersal in female N. sertifer are discussed in relation to population density and overall fitness.
Journal of Chemical Ecology | 2006
Erik Hedenström; Helene Edlund; Ann-Britt Wassgren; Gunnar Bergström; Olle Anderbrant; Fredrik Östrand; Andrzej Sierpiński; Marie-Anne Auger-Rozenberg; Annette Herz; Werner Heitland; Martti Varama
We present the identification of the sex pheromone in the pine sawfly, Gilpinia pallida, including analysis of the female pheromone content, male antennal response and attraction in the field, and synthesis of the most active pheromone component. Several 3,7-dimethyl-2-alkanols were identified from female whole-body extracts, including some compounds with a 2R configuration. This is the first observation of such compounds in a pine sawfly species. Antennae of male G. pallida responded strongly in electroantennograph (EAG) recordings to the (2S,3R,7R)-isomers of the propionates of 3,7-dimethyl-2-tridecanol, 3,7-dimethyl-2-tetradecanol, and 3,7-dimethyl-2-pentadecanol, as well as to the acetates of the tri- and pentadecanols (the acetate of the tetradecanol was not tested). The propionate of (2S,3R,7R)-3,7-dimethyl-2-tetradecanol caught more males in the field than the corresponding isomer of tri- or pentadecanol. We suggest that the (2S,3R,7R)-isomer of 3,7-dimethyl-2-tetradecanol is likely the main sex pheromone precursor in G. pallida, with a subsidiary role for the (2S,3R,7R)-isomer of the tridecanol. Preparation of highly pure (2R,3R,7R)- and (2S,3R,7R)-stereoisomers of 3,7-dimethyl-2-tetradecanol, including the biological active esters, was performed via chemoenzymatic methods and is described in detail.
Entomologia Experimentalis Et Applicata | 2000
Fredrik Östrand; Olle Anderbrant; Peter Jönsson
This study investigated the behaviour of male European pine sawflies, Neodiprion sertifer Geoffroy (Hym., Diprionidae), that were released and observed downwind from pheromone traps baited with 100 μg of the sex pheromone, (2S,3S,7S)‐3,7‐dimethyl‐2‐pentadecyl acetate. Releases were done at three distances; either at 5 m from one trap, or at 50 or 200 m from five traps, placed in a line perpendicular to the current wind direction. As control, males were released identically but without any pheromone source present. The behaviour of the males prior to take‐off was studied. A total of 1729 males were released, and 80% of them took flight. Males took off significantly faster in the presence of pheromone. Grooming was significantly more frequent in presence of pheromone compared with control. In all pheromone experiments significantly more males displayed grooming, wing fanning and take‐off towards the wind compared with the control. Weather data was simultaneously collected at the study site. Wing fanning was negatively correlated with wind speed. Grooming was not influenced by wind speed. Reduced levels of incoming short‐wave radiation lowered the take‐off frequency significantly. Pheromone‐induced behaviour in diprionids seems to be less distinct than in other insects, e.g., Lepidoptera.
Chemoecology | 2005
Olle Anderbrant; Fredrik Östrand; Gunnar Bergström; Ann-Britt Wassgren; Marie-Anne Auger-Rozenberg; Claude Géri; Erik Hedenström; Hans-Erik Högberg; Annette Herz; Werner Heitland
Summary.The first identification of a sex pheromone of a pine sawfly (Hymenoptera, Diprionidae) dates back almost thirty years. Since then, female-produced pheromones of over twenty diprionid species have been investigated by solvent extraction followed by separation and identification. However, no study has shown what the females actually release. Collection of airborne compounds using absorbtion on charcoal filter as well as solid phase microextraction (SPME) followed by analysis employing gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (GC-MS), revealed an unusual system in Diprion pini, in which the pheromone precursor alcohol, 3,7-dimethyl-2-tridecanol, is released together with acetic, propionic, butyric and isobutyric acids. The corresponding acetate, propionate and butyrate esters of 3,7-dimethyl-2-tridecanol were also found in the samples. All esters were electrophysiologically active, and the propionate and isobutyrate were attractive in trapping experiments. Based on these and earlier reported results, it seems that at least in part of its range, the pheromone response of D. pini is not very specific with regard to the functional group, as long as this is an ester.
Chemoecology | 2004
Martin J. Steinbauer; Fredrik Östrand; Tom E. Bellas; Anna Nilsson; Fredrik Andersson; Erik Hedenström; Michael J. Lacey; Florian P. Schiestl
Summary.The autumn gum moth, Mnesampela privata (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), is native to Australia and can be a pest of plantation eucalypts. Field-collected and laboratory-reared female autumn gum moths were dissected to remove glands likely to contain components of the sex pheromone. Using gas chromatography (GC) and combined gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), three compounds were identified from female extracts, namely (3Z,6 Z,9 Z)-3,6,9-nonadecatriene, 1-hexadecanol and 1-octadecanol (confirmed by comparison with synthetic samples). Nonadecatriene elicited an antennal response in male autumn gum moth during gas chromatographic analyses combined with electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD). In electroantennogram (EAG) recording male M. privata antennae responded to the nonadecatriene. Nonadecatriene was synthesised via Kolbe electrolysis, starting with (9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadeca-9,12,15-trienoic acid (linolenic acid) and propanoic acid or via an alternative four-step method also starting from linolenic acid. In field trials (3Z,6Z,9Z)-3,6,9-nonadecatriene proved attractive to male moths. Thus, we conclude that (3Z,6Z,9Z)-3,6,9- nonadecatriene is a sex pheromone component of autumn gum moth. This component has been identified in extracts from other geometrids in the same subfamily, Ennominae. However, to our knowledge this is the first example where (3Z,6Z,9Z)-3,6,9-nonadecatriene has been found in females and also proved attractive to male moths when presented on its own. Our results are discussed in relation to other geometrid pheromones.
Australian Forestry | 2007
Fredrik Östrand; Jane A. Elek; Martin J. Steinbauer
Summary Following the identification of a biologically-active compound from the sex pheromone gland of the autumn gum moth, Mnesampela privata (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), field studies were conducted to compare the potential efficacy of pheromone traps with light traps and to determine whether pheromone trap catches could forecast the future abundance of eggs and subsequent defoliation. Small to incipient populations of the adult moth were monitored over two moth flight seasons using pheromone traps in 12 plantations of either Eucalyptus globulus Labill. or E. nitens (Deane and Maiden) Maiden in Tasmania, Australia. In three of these plantations, light traps were also used to monitor adult moth numbers for one moth flight season. Pheromone trap catches from Tasmania were compared with those in a plantation of E. grandis W.Hill ex Maiden in Victoria where an outbreak of M. privata was ongoing. Early in the season (February—April), light traps caught five to six times more M. privata than pheromone traps per week but this situation reversed later in the season (May). Although small, total pheromone trap catches of male moths during March—April 2003 were positively correlated with the total numbers of eggs per tree recorded in June. Catches were substantially larger during March-July 2004 and again positively correlated with the total numbers of eggs per tree recorded in July. Sixty-nine percent of all eggs located in 2003 were parasitised compared with only 18% in 2004. Because pheromone trap catches could be positively correlated with oviposition, it is suggested they could forecast larval populations and, in the absence of high rates of egg parasitism, defoliation.
Chemoecology | 2003
Fredrik Östrand; Olle Anderbrant; Ann-Britt Wassgren; Gunnar Bergström; Erik Hedenström; Hans-Erik Högberg; Ba-Vu Nguyen; Michael Larsson
Summary.The basic chemical structure of the sex pheromone of the pine sawfly Microdiprion pallipes (Fallén) has earlier been identified as the propionate ester of (2S,3S,7R/S,11R/S)/(2R,3R,7R/S,11R/S)-3,7,11- trimethyl-2-tridecanol. We now report the results from further investigations on the male response to individual stereoisomers and to blends of stereoisomers, both in electroantennographic (EAG) recordings and in field trapping experiments. We also present our attempts to determine the stereochemistry of the compounds present in females of M. pallipes. By comparing gas chromatograms and mass spectra obtained from natural extracts with those from synthetic compounds it was found that the females contain one or more of the four (2S,3S,7R/S,11R/S)-3,7,11-trimethyl-2- tridecanol isomers (SS++-1). The active pheromone component is the corresponding propionate ester 2. In EAG experiments, males responded most strongly to five propionate ester samples, namely two four-isomer blends: SS++-2 and SR++-2, and three individual stereoisomers: SSSR-, SRRR- and SRSR-2. In a series of field trapping experiments it was found that males were attracted to the SR++-2 four-isomer blend and to the individual isomer SSSR-2. Based on the EAG-recordings and field responses of males and the stereoisomers found in the females, we suggest that the propionate ester of (2S,3S,7S,11R)-3,7,11-trimethyl-2- tridecanol (SSSR-2) is used as a main component of the sex pheromone in M. pallipes. Apparently the males react to other stereoisomers in addition to that or those produced by the females.