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Aids Care-psychological and Socio-medical Aspects of Aids\/hiv | 2004

Relationships between HIV/AIDS, income and expenditure over time in deprived South African households

Max Bachmann; Frikkie Booysen

We compared 202 households with an HIV-infected member, and 202 unaffected neighbouring households, in one rural and one urban area in Free State province, South Africa. Interviews were conducted with a key informant in each household, at baseline and 6, 12 and 18 months later, with 87% follow-up. Results of the baseline and 6 months study were published previously; this paper reports on trends over the full 18 months of follow-up. We analysed changes in income and expenditure and their relationships with morbidity and mortality using multiple regression. Over 2 years, a third of affected households reported at least one death, mainly due to infectious disease. Affected households’ real expenditures decreased over time, while real incomes did not, absolutely and relative to unaffected households. Mortality and morbidity independently predicted lower expenditure (adjusted relative expenditure 0.86 and 0.84, respectively), mortality predicted lower income (adjusted relative income 0.80) and higher expenditure predicted less morbidity and mortality (adjusted odds ratios for a US


Sahara J-journal of Social Aspects of Hiv-aids | 2004

Social grants as safety net for HIV/AIDS-affected households in South Africa

Frikkie Booysen

100 monthly difference 0.78 and 0.65). Households’ economies and HIV/AIDS were thus dynamically related, and occurred against a background of progressive poverty. Expenditure was a more sensitive indicator of the economic impact of HIV/AIDS than was income.


Social Dynamics-a Journal of The Centre for African Studies University of Cape Town | 2002

Children of the storm: HIV/AIDS and children in South Africa 1

Frikkie Booysen; Tanja Arntz

South Africa has a well-developed system of social security and the reach of the social grant safety net has expanded rapidly over the past five years. Social grants are likely to play an important role in mitigating the impact of HIV/AIDS, given that eligibility for these grants is driven largely by the increasing burden of chronic illness, the mounting orphan crisis and the impoverishment of households associated with the epidemic.This paper investigates the role of social grants in mitigating the socio-economic impact of HIV/AIDS in South Africa, using data from a panel designed to investigate the household impact of the epidemic. Data were collected from a total of 351 purposively sampled households interviewed four times over a period of two and a half years. Affected households were more dependent on income from social grants compared with households that had never experienced morbidity or mortality.A significantly larger proportion of affected households qualified for social assistance. Access to the old age pension remained relatively stable, highlighting the high take-up rate of this grant, while access to the child support and disability grant increased over time.Yet, take-up of these grants remains low and there is still much scope to improve take-up rates. Social grants also play an important role in poverty alleviation.The rate of poverty reduction continued to increase over time in affected households, but remained relatively stable in the case of households that had not experienced morbidity or mortality.This saw the gap in the incidence, depth and severity of poverty between affected households and households that had not experienced morbidity decline. Social grants also translated into a significant reduction in the severity of poverty in affected households.


AIDS | 2006

Economic causes and effects of AIDS in South African households

Max Bachmann; Frikkie Booysen

Abstract This paper explores the impact of HIV/AIDS on children, using data from a longitudinal household impact study and focus groups conducted in two communities in the Free State province of South Africa. Non‐attendance at school among children in general and particularly older children, although relatively low, is disconcerting, being higher in affected than in non‐affected households. A large and growing number of children have lost their mother or father, pointing to a substantial and growing orphan problem. The extended family remains central in coping with the orphan crisis, although evidence suggests that it is finding it increasingly difficult to cope. It appears that HIV/AIDS results in children being passed from one household to another, particularly in the event of households experiencing an adult death. Governments current initiative to roll out the child support grant to more children is important in addressing this adverse impact of the epidemic, as will be access to home‐based care, improved access to education and health care, the empowerment of women and children, and the establishment of community‐based orphan care programs. These measures are crucial for safeguarding the right of our children to a bright and hopeful future.


Aids Care-psychological and Socio-medical Aspects of Aids\/hiv | 2010

Healthcare Infrastructure and Emotional Support are Predictors of CD4 Cell Counts and Quality of Life Indices of Patients on Antiretroviral Treatment in Free State Province, South Africa

Alok Bhargava; Frikkie Booysen

Objective:To investigate the magnitude and temporal directionality of associations between illness and death, and income and expenditure, in households affected by HIV/AIDS. Design and subjects:A cohort study with repeated measures carried out in 405 households (1913 occupants), known to have HIV-infected occupants and their neighbours, in one rural and one urban area of South Africa. Main outcome measures:Monthly adult equivalent income and expenditure. Illness episodes and deaths attributed to HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and pneumonia. Methods:Interview surveys of household heads were conducted at baseline and five more times, biannually, providing information on household economics, illnesses and deaths. Regression analyses used marginal structural models and ‘before–after’ models to analyse changes. Results:In marginal structural models, current or previous AIDS illness was independently associated with 34% [95% confidence intervals (CI) 23–43%] lower monthly expenditure, and current or recent poverty was associated with 1.74 (95% CI 0.94–3.2) times higher odds of an AIDS death. In before–after models, each AIDS death was independently associated with a 23% (95% CI 11–34%) greater expenditure decline over 3 years, and a US


Social Dynamics-a Journal of The Centre for African Studies University of Cape Town | 2006

‘Ties that Bind’: A Transactional Approach to Social Capital

Philippe Burger; Frikkie Booysen

100 higher monthly expenditure at baseline was associated with 0.31 (95% CI 0.13–0.74) times as many AIDS deaths and with 0.41 (95% CI 0.27–0.64) times as many AIDS illness episodes over 3 years. Conclusion:AIDS deaths and illnesses predicted declining expenditure and poverty predicted AIDS, suggesting that both welfare and effective treatment are needed.


World Development | 2008

Using an Asset Index to Assess Trends in Poverty in Seven Sub-Saharan African Countries

Frikkie Booysen; Servaas van der Berg; Ronelle Burger; Michael von Maltitz; Gideon du Rand

Abstract While many AIDS patients in sub-Saharan Africa are receiving antiretroviral treatment (ART) via public clinics, improvements in health status also depend on socioeconomic and psychological factors and quality of healthcare services. Inter-dependence between patients’ clinical markers and quality of life indicators should be analyzed using comprehensive models. This longitudinal study compiled socioeconomic and clinical variables at six monthly intervals on patients receiving ART in South Africa; patients’ ratings of quality of services and staff in “Assessment” and “Treatment” sites were assessed. Dynamic random effects models were estimated by maximum likelihood for CD4 cell counts and for quality of life indices (EQ-5D and Visual Analogue Scale), incorporating the inter-dependence between plasma HIV RNA levels and CD4 cell counts. The results showed that emotional support received by patients was a significant predictor (P<0.05) of CD4 cell counts and quality of life indices. Ratings of services and staff in Assessment and Treatment sites were significantly associated with CD4 cell counts and quality of life indices; CD4 cell count was a significant predictor of quality of life indices. The results indicated that it is important to compile socioeconomic and psychological variables for AIDS patients and monitor healthcare services for improving their health status and quality of life.


BMC Public Health | 2007

Highly active antiretroviral treatment and health related quality of life in South African adults with human immunodeficiency virus infection: A cross-sectional analytical study.

Goedele M. C. Louwagie; Max Bachmann; Kobus Meyer; Frikkie Booysen; Lara Fairall; Christo Heunis

Abstract The last decade has witnessed a renewed interest in the concept of social capital. However, much confusion still exists about the exact meaning of social capital. Thus, to create a foundation for future studies on social capital, this article develops a conceptual and theoretical framework to depict the stocks and flows of social capital. As such, it defines social capital formation in transactional terms so as to exploit fully the capital analogy used to characterise social capital and to place the concept of social capital on par with fixed, financial and human capital.


South African Journal of Economics | 2005

The Role Of Social Grants In Mitigating The Socio-Economic Impact Of Hiv/Aids In Two Free State Communities

Frikkie Booysen; Servaas van der Berg


Social Indicators Research | 2014

Family Functioning and Life Satisfaction and Happiness in South African Households

Ferdi Botha; Frikkie Booysen

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Michael von Maltitz

University of the Free State

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Ronelle Burger

United Nations University

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Max Bachmann

University of East Anglia

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Kobus Meyer

University of the Free State

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Christo Heunis

University of the Free State

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