Fu Chan Wei

Simultaneous endoscope-assisted contralateral breast augmentation with implants in patients undergoing postmastectomy breast reconstruction with abdominal flaps.

Background: Unilateral breast reconstruction after mastectomy provides the challenge of achieving symmetry with the opposite side. Reduction mastopexy is a common balancing procedure for the contralateral breast used to achieve pleasing and symmetrical breasts. Although symmetry is the ultimate goal, some women have a hypoplastic and/or ptotic contralateral breast, and the recreation of this shape would therefore not be desirable. Methods: From April of 2000 to April of 2005, a total of 158 patients underwent postmastectomy breast reconstruction using either free deep inferior epigastric perforator flaps (n = 142) or superficial inferior epigastric artery flaps (n = 16) at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital. Of the 158 patients, 19 (12.0 percent) underwent endoscope-assisted placement of implants into the contralateral breast at the same surgical stage to form a more pleasing breast mound. Mean patient age was 46.1 ± 7.6 years. All patients had a slender body habitus, with small to medium-sized breasts. Saline-filled implants were placed in a submuscular position with the assistance of endoscopy. Five different incisions for access were used: transaxillary (n = 6), Port-A-Cath catheter scar (n = 4), inframammary (n = 1), biopsy scar (n = 1), and transmidline (n = 7). Results: The success rate was 100 percent, with complete survival of the 19 flaps. In three patients, revision procedures were carried out at 12 to 44 months’ follow-up because of implant leakage, capsular contracture, and nipple ptosis (one patient each). The remaining patients were highly satisfied with the cosmetic result, and symmetry was achieved, with soft, natural appearing breasts during the follow-up period of 29.2 ± 16.9 months. The transmidline approach was superior to the other routes, because no additional scar was produced and access was easier. Conclusions: Contralateral breast augmentation at the same stage with deep inferior epigastric perforator or superficial inferior epigastric artery flap surgery can be performed with high success rates and poses no surgical risks or morbidity to patients. The combined procedure does not significantly extend the time of operation, and aesthetically pleasing results and symmetry can be achieved and sustained over the long term.

Allograft Mass as a Possible Contributing Factor to the Skin Transplant Outcome

BACKGROUND A composite tissue consists of tissues derived from ectoderm and mesoderm typically containing skin, fat, muscle, nerves, lymph nodes, bone, bone marrow or any combination of these. Solid organ transplants possessing larger allograft mass were reported to survive better. As for the vascularized composite tissues however, thus far no study has comparatively studied the survival of grafts possessing different tissue burdens. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of transplanted tissue burden and tissue type on survival of skin element of composite tissues. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-five transplantations were performed using four different vascularized composite tissue allotransplantation models. The survival periods and rejection severity of the skin parts of the transplants were compared by histological, immunological, and macroscopic evaluation: (a) under no immunosuppressive treatment (control group) (n = 21); (b) after 1 week of Cyclosporine (CsA) treatment (16 mg/kg) (experimental group) (n = 24). Total rejection was defined as necrosis of >90% of the skin flaps. Histopathologic evaluation and flow cytometric analysis to detect chimerism rates in the blood was performed in the CsA treated animals on day 18. RESULTS The differences of mean survival times between and within the experimental and control groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Histopathological outcomes showed lower rejection grades in skin allografts transplanted with a higher tissue burden. Total CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell chimerism rates were less than 1% in isolated skin transplant groups and ranged from 6.1 to 33.5% in skin flaps transplanted with the entire hindlimb or a part of it. CONCLUSION The transplanted tissue burden as well as the tissue type can be an important factor for the skin transplant outcome.

Is distal fibular fracture an absolute contraindication to free fibular flap harvesting? Areview of evidence in the literature and illustration by a successful case

Despite the advantages of a fibula flap, many surgeons would often be hesitant in its use in patients with a history of distal fibular fracture. The chief concern is the potential vascular damage sustained during the injury. From our experience, however, we noticed that the blood supply of various components of a fibula flap rarely relies on its distal part alone. Avoiding the use of this flap may unnecessarily forgo the optimal reconstructive option in many patients. Free fibula flap was harvested from a 41‐year‐old man who had a history of left fibula fracture 10 years before surgery. The fracture was treated with open reduction with internal fixation. The plate was removed 1 year after the trauma surgery. We used this fractured and healed fibula to reconstruct the intraoral and mandibular defect after tumor extirpation. The harvesting process was straight‐forward and the flap survived uneventfully. On the basis of our experience and current evidence in the literature, we believe that a history of previous fibular fracture should not be considered as an absolute contraindication for free fibular flap harvesting. With a good knowledge of the lower limb anatomy and appropriate patient selection, the fibular flap can still be a safe option that incurs no additional risk.