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Kolloid-Zeitschrift und Zeitschrift für Polymere | 1963

Studies on the electrical double layer: Part 2. The effect of nonionic surface active agents on the double layer capacity

Akira Watanabe; Fukuju Tsuji; Shizuo Ueda

SummaryThe differential capacityC of the dropping mercury electrode in contact with nonionic surface active agent solutions was measured by the method described in part 1. The nonionic surface active agents used were the condensation products of lauryl alcohol and ethylene oxides, and the indifferent electrolyte was either 1 N sodium sulphate or chloride. The experimentalC vs.E curves, whereE is the polarizing potential with reference to the electrocapillary maximum, showed anodic and cathodic peaks atE ≅ + 0.25 and − 1.5 V, respectively. The height of these peaks was, in accordance with theLorenz andMöckel theory, an increasing function of the surface active agent concentrationc. The monolayer adsorption was clearly indicated by the capacity suppression over the zero polarization range, the monolayer becoming complete atc=10−4 ∼ 10−5 M. The electrochemical free energy of adsorption obtained was an increasing function of the mole numberx of the ethylene oxide in the surface active agent molecule. Whenx was small, the adsorbability was strongly influenced by the indifferent electrolyte, and was higher in the presence of the chloride than the sulphate. Whenx was higher than ca. 30, the effect of the indifferent electrolyte on the adsorbability appeared to diminish.ZusammenfassungDie differentielle KapazitätC der Quecksilbertropfelektrode in Kontakt mit nichtionische oberflächenaktive Substanzen enthaltenden Lösungen wurde nach dem gleichen Verfahren, wie in der vorangehenden Arbeit beschrieben, gemessen. Als nichtionische oberflächenaktive Agentien wurden Kondensationsprodukte des Laurylalkohols und des Äthylenoxyds verwendet, der indifferente Elektrolyt war entweder 1−n Natriumsulphat oder Chlorid. Der experimentelle WertC, aufgetragen gegen das polarisierende PotentialE mit Referenz auf das Maximum der Elektrokapillarität, ergab Kurven, die anodische und kathodische Piks fürE ≅ + 0,25 bzw. − 1,5 V zeigten. Die Höhe dieser Piks erwies sich in Übereinstimmung mit der Theorie vonLorenz undMöckel als steigende Funktion der Konzentrationc des oberflächenaktiven Agentiums. Die monomolekulare Adsorption wurde klar durch die Herabdrückung der Kapazität unter den Null-Polarisationsbereich angezeigt, wobei die monomolekulare Schicht fürc=10−4 bis 10−5-molar komplett wurde. Die elektrochemische freie Energie der Adsorption war eine ansteigende Funktion der Molzahlx des Äthylenoxids im Agens. Bei kleinemx wurde die Adsorptionsfähigkeit stark durch den indifferenten Elektrolyt beeinflußt und war höher bei Gegenwart von Chlorid als Sulphat. Für höhere Werte alsx ≅ 30 scheint dieser Einfluß des indifferenten Elektrolyten zu verschwinden.


Kolloid-Zeitschrift & Zeitschrift für Polymere | 1963

Studies on the electrical double layer: Part 1: The effect of dioxane on the double layer capacity

Akira Watanabe; Fukuju Tsuji; Shizuo Ueda

SummaryThe differential double layer capacities of a dropping mercury electrode in contact with 1 N KF, NaCl, KBr, and KI solutions with dioxane-water mixtures of various volume ratios as solvents were measured by theGrahame ac bridge method. The experimental differential capacity vs. polarization curves showed well-defined suppression by the addition of dioxane over the polarization range near the electrocapillary maximum. While, over the anodic polarization range the increase in the capacity occurred. The theoretical calculation of the diffuse double layer capacity showed that this quantity played a negligible rÔle in the total double layer capacity. Hence, the above phenomena were entirely ascribed to the change in the structure of theStern layer due to the adsorption of dioxane under the present experimental condition, i. e. in the presence of electrolytes at a high concentration.With increasing polarization in the positive or negative direction, the desorption of dioxane took place due to the increase in the positive free energy of interaction between the double layer field and dioxane molecules. A theory was derived relating the capacity suppression to the surface charge density of mercury, under the assumption of the monolayer adsorption of dioxane. The agreement between the theory and experiments was sufficiently good to obtain reasonable values of the chemical free energy of adsorption.


Bulletin of the Agricultural Chemical Society of Japan | 1961

Physico-chemical Studies on Lignin. Part I

Shizuo Ueda; Akira Watanabe; Fukuju Tsuji

エタノールー水混合溶媒を用いたときのリグニン・スルホン酸ナトリウム(NaLS)溶液の電気伝導度測定を行った. NaLS濃度が低いとぎにはKohlrauschの法則がほぼ成立し,当量電導度と濃度の平方根との直線関係の外挿より濃慶0での極限値Λ0を求めることができる同じ分子量のNaLSについてはエタノール濃度がますとΛ0は低下するが,溶媒の粘性係数ηとΛ0の積は一定である.従ってNaLS分子は剛体粒子として運動し,アルコール添加はこの粒子の実効半径を殆んど変化させない.また,Λ0η値がLSイオンの分子量Mと一次関係を示すことは,このイオンが棒状粒子であることを示す. NaLS濃度が高いときには比電導度と濃度の関係は或るNaLS濃度でクニックを示し,ミセル形成が起ることを示している.その臨界ミセル濃度はアルコール添加によって高濃度にずれるが,これは溶媒の誘電率の低下に伴うLSイオン電荷間の静電斥力の増大によって,ミセル形成が困難になるためである.この静電斥力とvan der Waals分子間力との自由エネルギーの計算によるミセル形成理論と比較して,よい一致がえられた.


Journal of Polymer Science Part C: Polymer Symposia | 2007

Dielectric properties of polytetrafluoroethylene and tetrafluoroethylene‐hexafluoropropylene copolymer

Naokazu Koizumi; Shinichi Yano; Fukuju Tsuji


Colloid and Polymer Science | 1964

Studies on the electrical double layer

Akira Watanabe; Fukuju Tsuji; Shizuo Ueda


Bulletin of the Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University | 1966

Apparatus for Measurement of Dipole Moments by Heterodyne Beat Method

Naokazu Koizumi; Fukuju Tsuji; Hiroyoshi Okamoto


Bulletin of the Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University | 1958

Theory and Application of U-effect

Shizuo Ueda; Fukuju Tsuji; Akira Watanabe


Archive | 1968

DIELECTRIC RELAXATION IN GAMMA-IRRADIATED TETRAFLUOROETHYLENE-- HEXAFLUOROPROPYLENE COPOLYMERS AT LOW TEMPERATURES.

Naokazu Koizumi; Shinichi Yano; Kenji Tsunashima; Fukuju Tsuji


Bulletin of the Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University | 1968

Dielectric Relaxation in Gamma-Irradiated Tetrafluoroethylene-Hexafluoropropylene Copolymers at Low Temperatures (Special Issue on Physical, Chemical and Biological Effects of Gamma Radiation, IX)

Naokazu Koizumi; Shinichi Yano; Kenji Tsunashima; Fukuju Tsuji


Bulletin of the Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University | 1967

Dielectric Properties of Gamma-Irradiated Tetrafluoroethylene-Hexafluoropropylene Copolymers (Special Issue on Physical, Chemical and Biological Effects of Gamma Radiation, VIII)

Naokazu Koizumi; Shinichi Yano; Fukuju Tsuji; Naotake Nakamura; Shigeo Kobayashi

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