Fusanori Miura

Remote sensing and spatial multi-criteria analysis for tsunami vulnerability assessment

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to assess the vulnerability of the Kesennuma area in Japan to a tsunami disaster and to map the area of inundation. Design/methodology/approach – Digital elevation model (DEM) data and ALOS image were used to create maps of the parameters of this study area: elevation, slope, coastal proximity, river, and land use. An analytical hierarchy process was used to assign weights to each parameter and a spatial multi-criteria analysis was applied through cell-based modelling for vulnerability mapping. Findings – The vulnerability map shows that 17.679 km2 of the area could be inundated by a tsunami. High vulnerability areas were mostly found in coastal areas with a sloping coast and a cape area. A low elevation and the presence of rivers or water channels are factors that increase the impact of tsunamis. Inundation areas were predicted to spread in areas identified as having either high vulnerability or slightly high vulnerability. Research limitations/implications – Becaus...

Spatial data analysis and remote sensing for observing tsunami-inundated areas

The occurrence of natural disasters is almost impossible to reduce, but its impact can be minimized by an initial assessment related to tsunami vulnerability mapping and the observation of tsunami inundation areas. The development of remote-sensing technology and its applications enable the use of satellite imagery for observing the areas affected areas by tsunami. This study aims to recognize areas potentially affected by tsunami and to develop a method for extracting the required information from medium-resolution satellite images (ALOS AVNIR-2) for tsunami-affected areas in the coastal area of Miyagi and Iwate Prefecture, Japan. The analysis focuses on land change due to tsunami events using parameters of vegetation, water, and soil calculated using the algorithms normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), normalized difference water index (NDWI), normalized difference soil index (NDSI), and modified soil-adjusted vegetation index (MSAVI). Areas of inundation are created using spatial multi-criteria analysis with the use of several parameters. The analysis shows that tsunamis led to a decrease in both NDVI and MSAVI values and an increase in NDSI and NDWI. Index ranges were calculated for the tsunami-inundated areas using post-event images. It is considered that pixels having all of the indices in these ranges can be identified as tsunami inundation areas. Index ranges in the inundated areas are 0.00–0.075 for NDVI, 0.075–0.25 for NDWI, −0.237 to −0.137 for NDSI, and 0.012–0.037 for the MSAVI. The results of our analysis show the potential of the algorithms in delineating areas that could be affected by a tsunami disaster.

Remote sensing application for Sardinella lemuru assessment: a case study of the south waters of Malang Regency, East Java, Indonesia

The assessment of lemuru fish (Sardinella lemuru) using remote sensing and Geographical Information System (GIS) has provided preliminary information on the habitat of lemuru fish at the South waters of Malang Regency, Indonesia. Lemuru fish catch data, mangrove mapping, Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and chlorophyll-a concentration derived from MODIS/Aqua images have been used in this study. The average of SST during the study was 26.1 °C, the highest average was on December and August was the lowest. The average of chlorophyll-a concentration was 0.55 mg/m3, July was the highest and the lowest concentration of chlorophyll-a was on March. Most of the lemuru fish migrated to the west part of Malang waters during northwest monsoon (December-February), and moved toward eastern part during transitional (March-April-May). In contrast, on the southeast monsoon (June-August), lemuru spread across Malang waters. Habitat suitability of lemuru around coastal waters of Malang Regency related to their migration has different criteria for each month depend on the oceanographic factors and primary productivity. Based on the levels of habitat suitability, lemuru predicted to spawn on June. Sumbermanjing area was the most suitable area (72.39%). Lemuru moved away from Malang waters during transitional until the beginning of northwest monsoon. Primary productivity in coastal waters around Sumbermanjing increased in the southeast monsoon. It represented by January (0.7 mg/m3) in the northwest monsoon and increased reaches 3 mg/m3 in the southeast monsoon on July. It was followed by the increasing of lemuru catch.

A ubiquitous power with DC micro-grid for Sectional Compact Emergency Shelters

This paper proposes a mobile power for the Sectional Compact Emergency Shelter (SCES), which is used under the great disaster. The proposed mobile power consists of the Fuel Cells (FCs), photovoltaic cells (PVs) and lithium-ion rechargeable batteries. This mobile power is constructed in a container car. Therefore, the constructed mobile power is easily moveable and constructible with the SCESs. The authors have named it “a ubiquitous power.” The FCs in the ubiquitous power can supply electrical power and waste-heated water. The waste-heated water can be used to the SCESs for a floor heating in winter. The lithium-ion rechargeable batteries level the difference between generated power and consumed power in the SCESs. The number of the SCESs, which proposed one ubiquitous power can supply power continuously, is decided considering both the depth of discharge (DOD) of the batteries and the thermal energy of the waste-heated water from the FCs. It is shown that proposed one ubiquitous power can supply twenty SCESs in winter in Japan.

On transmission characteristics of lattice wireless networks

A lattice wireless network consisting of plural units, which possess sensor devices, communication devices, control devices, and processors, will be flexibly adapted for autonomous distributed sensor network systems. This paper clarifies its transmission characteristics for lattice shape and the number of units transmitting data, simultaneously.

On lattice wireless network for autonomous distributed system

A lattice wireless network consisting of plural units, which possess sensor devices, communication devices, control devices, and processors, will be flexibly adapted for autonomous distributed sensor network systems. This paper clarifies the transmission characteristics of lattice wireless networks when a lot of communications happen at the same time between plural units and gives an approximation of data transmission time.

IN-SITU LOADING TEST OF HIGH CAPACITY MICRO PILES AND INVESTIGATION OF THEIR BEARING CAPACITY

本研究では, 高耐力マイクロパイル工法の設計法を検討するために, 鉛直載荷試験および鉛直交番載荷試験を実施した. その結果, qu=2N/mm2程度の土丹層に定着長を6mとした鉛直載荷試験では, 極限押込み力が3300kNであり, 杭径が17.78mmと小口径の杭としては大きな極限支持力を得られることが確認できた. また, 定着長を3mとした鉛直交番載荷試験では, 引抜き時1050kN, 押込み時1700kNの極限支持力であった. さらに, 載荷試験結果やFEM解析結果より, 杭体や定着部周辺地盤が分担する荷重をモデル化し, 高耐力マイクロパイル工法の軸方向バネ定数を算出する式を提案した. この提案式は, 本載荷試験結果のみならず, 細砂層で実施された同種の杭の載荷試験結果ともよく一致し, 提案式が妥当であることがわかった.

A STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF HIGH DUCTILITY ASEISMIC JOINT SPLICED PILE FOUNDATION SUBJECTED TO STRONG EARTHQUAKE MOTIONS

本研究は, 新たに開発した高靭性を有する継手 (高靭性能耐震ジョイントと呼ぶ) の動的曲げ特性を静的曲げ試験から推定し, この継手を有する杭基礎と地盤および構造物との動的相互作用を考慮した地震応答解析を行い, 高靭性能耐震ジョイントの有効性を検討したものである. その結果, 構造物直下や地層境界にこの継手を設けることにより, 杭の変形性能を増大させることができ, 大きな地盤変形に対して生じる杭の曲げモーメントを大幅に低減させる効果があるために, 杭基礎は破壊することなく安全であることが明らかになった. また, 継手が存在しても, 構造物や地盤の動的応答はほとんど変わることがないことより, 継手の存在が上部構造物の応答変位を大きくするなど, 何ら悪い影響を及ぼすものでないことも明らかになった.

Importance of measuring the horizontal vibration and the structural response in respect to public disturbances due to traffic and blasting vibration.

We have been paying attention only to the magnitude of vertical vibration levels at the surface ground for estimation of public disturbances due to traffic and blasting vibration. Inhabitants are, however, more sensitive to the vibration inside their houses than outside them. Moreover, the house is apt to vibrate horizontally. This implies the neccessity of taking the structural response and the horizontal vibration into consideration when the vibration level inside of a house is discussed.The purpose of this study is to investigate both the horizontal and the vertical vibration levels considering the response characteristics of the structure. In order to analyze the response characteristics of the structure from the vibration level, we adopted the methodology of the response spectrum. As the horizontal response is dominant in the vibration of the structure, especially in low frequency range, the importance of measuring the horizontal vibration is shown from the analyses performed.