Futoshi Komine

Marginal adaptation of three different zirconium dioxide three-unit fixed dental prostheses

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Marginal adaptation is important for the long-term success of dental restorations. Data on the marginal discrepancy of zirconia-based fixed dental prostheses made with different computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing technology is needed. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the marginal adaptation of different zirconia 3-unit fixed dental prostheses at different fabrication stages and after artificial aging. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-four zirconia 3-unit fixed dental prostheses (DCS, Procera, and VITA YZ-Cerec; n=8) were fabricated using different manufacturing systems and conventionally cemented with glass ionomer cement on human teeth. Each group was aged in a masticatory simulator with thermal cycling. The marginal gaps were examined on epoxy replicas for frameworks and for restorations before and after cementation, and after masticatory simulation, at x 250 magnification. Marginal adaptation was assessed using geometric means of the marginal gap values with 95% confidence intervals. Differences between the manufacturing systems and the effect of artificial aging were tested using repeated-measures ANOVA and post hoc paired and unpaired t tests with Bonferroni-Holm correction (alpha=.05). RESULTS The geometric mean (95% confidence limits) marginal gap values (mum) for frameworks and for restorations before cementation, after cementation, and after masticatory simulation were, respectively: DCS: 86 (80-93), 86 (83-90), 86 (78-94), and 84 (79-90); Procera: 82 (74-89), 89 (81-97), 89 (84-95), and 88 (82-94); and VITA YZ-Cerec: 64 (57-72), 67 (61-77), 76 (71-82), and 78 (76-80). The repeated-measures ANOVA showed significant group and stage effects (P<.05). Group VITA YZ-Cerec showed significantly smaller marginal gap values than groups DCS and Procera at framework (P<.05) and before-cementation (P<.05) stages. The VITA YZ-Cerec group showed significantly smaller marginal gap values than the Procera group after cementation (P<.05). The marginal gap values between different stages were not significantly different for all groups (P>.05). CONCLUSIONS The marginal accuracy of zirconia fixed dental prostheses is influenced by manufacturing technique.

Bonding of resin-based luting cements to zirconia with and without the use of ceramic priming agents.

PURPOSE This study evaluated and compared bonding characteristics of resin-based luting agents and special ceramic primers to zirconia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Disk specimens (n = 242) were fabricated from zirconium dioxide ceramics (Katana) and bonded with four resin-based luting agents without priming. In addition, zirconia was bonded with 7 bondingsystem combinations of three priming agents and three resin-based luting agents. Two of the resin-based luting agents and two ceramic priming agents contain an identical adhesive monomer, 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (MDP), either in the material itself or in the priming agent. Shear bond strength was determined after 20,000 cycles of thermocycling. The Kruskal-Wallis test was performed for both pre- and post-thermocycling groups to evaluate the difference among primer and luting agent variations. On the basis of the Kruskal-Wallis test, Steel-Dwass multiple comparisons were further performed to compare the difference among four luting agents and seven conbinations of three primers and three luting agents for both pre- and post-thermocycling conditions. RESULTS Within the four unprimed groups, Clearfil SA Cement (5.8 MPa) and Panavia F 2.0 (6.7 MPa) showed statistically higher post-thermocycling bond strength than the other materials (0.1 MPa) (p < 0.05). Among the seven primer/cement combinations, Clearfil Ceramic Primer combined with Clearfil Esthetic Cement exhibited the highest post-thermocycling bond strength (7.5 MPa), followed by two groups primed with Monobond Plus (4.0-4.6 MPa) (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Application of resin-based luting and priming agents containing the adhesive monomer MDP provide better bond strength to zirconia than do other systems.

Adhesive bonding of zirconia with single-liquid acidic primers and a tri-n-butylborane initiated acrylic resin.

PURPOSE The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effect of acidic primers on the bond strength and durability of an acrylic resin luting agent to zirconia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Disk specimens were fabricated from zirconia partially stabilized with yttrium oxide (Katana, Noritake Dental Supply). The disks were treated with one of the following acidic primers: Acryl Bond (Shofu), All Bond II Primer B (Bisco), Alloy Primer (Kuraray), Estenia Opaque Primer (Kuraray), Eye Sight Opaque Primer (Kanebo), M.L. Primer (Shofu), MR. Bond (Tokuyama Dental), or Super-Bond Liquid (Sun Medical). Unprimed specimens served as the control. The disks were bonded with a tri-n-butylborane (TBB)-initiated acrylic resin. Shear bond strengths were determined both before and after 10,000 thermocycles (5°C and 55°C, 1 min dwell time each). RESULTS The pre-thermocycling bond strength ranged from 0.7 MPa to 30.8 MPa, whereas post-thermocycling bond strength varied from 0.3 MPa to 17.6 MPa. The significantly highest post-thermocycling bond strength was obtained when using the Alloy Primer and Estenia Opaque Primer agents. CONCLUSION Within the limitations of the current experiment, it can be concluded that application of either the Alloy Primer or the Estenia Opaque Primer, both of which contain 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (MDP), is recommended for bonding the Katana zirconia material with TBB-initiated acrylic resin.

Durability of bond between an indirect composite veneering material and zirconium dioxide ceramics

Abstract Objective. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the durability of bond strength between an indirect composite material and zirconia ceramics after thermocycling (100 000 cycles) and to assess the effect of various priming agents for zirconia surface treatments. Materials and methods. A CAD/CAM system (Katana, Noritake Dental Supply) was used to fabricate 96 zirconia disks as a bonding substrate. The specimens were randomly divided into six groups (n = 16) and treated with one of the following acidic priming agents: Alloy Primer (ALP, Kuraray), Clearfil Ceramic Primer (CCP, Kuraray), Clearfil Photo Bond (CPB, Kuraray), Clearfil Photo Bond with Clearfil Porcelain Bond Activator (CPB + Activator, Kuraray), Estenia Opaque Primer (EOP, Kuraray) and Porcelain Liner M Liquid A (PLA, Sun Medical). The specimens were bonded with an indirect composite material (Estenia C&B Dentin, Kuraray). Shear bond strengths were tested before and after 100 000 thermocycles and the data were analyzed by using the Steel-Dwass test and Mann-Whitney U-test. Results. After 100 000 thermocycles, the PLA group showed the lowest bond strength (p = 0.010), whereas the CPB + Activator (23.9 MPa; p < 0.014) and CPB (22.7 MPa; p < 0.028) groups had significantly higher bond strengths than the other groups. The Mann-Whitney U-test revealed that bond strengths did not significantly decrease after thermocycling, except for specimens in the PLA (p = 0.038) and CCP (p = 0.028) groups. Conclusions. Application of a combination of hydrophobic phosphate monomer (MDP) and initiator results in a durable long-term bond between Katana zirconia and Estenia C&B composite material.

Shear bond strength between an indirect composite layering material and feldspathic porcelain-coated zirconia ceramics

ObjectivesThis study aims to evaluate the effect of both feldspathic porcelain coating of zirconia frameworks and priming agents on shear bond strength between an indirect composite material and zirconia frameworks.Materials and methodsA total of 462 airborne-particle-abraded zirconia disks were divided into three groups: untreated disks (ZR–AB), airborne-particle-abraded zirconia disks coated with feldspathic porcelain, (ZR–PO–AB), and hydrofluoric acid-etched zirconia disks coated with feldspathic porcelain (ZR–PO–HF). Indirect composite (Estenia C&B) was bonded to zirconia specimens with no (CON) or one of four priming agents—Clearfil Photo Bond (CPB), Clearfil Photo Bond with Clearfil Porcelain Bond Activator (CPB + activator), Estenia Opaque primer, or Porcelain Liner M Liquid B (PLB)—with or without an opaque material (Estenia C&B Opaque). All specimens were tested for shear bond strength before and after 20,000 thermocycles. The Steel–Dwass test and Mann–Whitney U test were used to compare shear bond strength.ResultsIn ZR–AB specimens, the initial bond strength of the CPB and CPB + Activator groups was significantly higher as compared with the other three groups (P < 0.05), whereas the PLB and CPB + Activator groups had the highest pre- and post-thermocycling bond strengths in ZR–PO–AB and ZR–PO–HF specimens. Among CON disks without opaque material, bond strength was significantly lower in ZR–AB specimens than in ZR–PO–AB and ZR–PO–HF specimens (P < 0.05).ConclusionFeldspathic porcelain coating of a Katana zirconia framework enhanced the bond strength of Estenia C&B indirect composite to zirconia independent of surface treatment. The use of a silane coupling agent and opaque material yields durable bond strength between the indirect composite and feldspathic-porcelain-coated zirconia.Clinical relevanceThe results of the present study suggest that feldspathic porcelain coating of zirconia frameworks is an effective method to obtain clinically acceptable bond strengths of a layering indirect composite material to a zirconia framework.

Fracture resistance of single-tooth implant-supported zirconia-based indirect composite-layered molar restorations

OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the fracture resistance of single-tooth implant-supported zirconia-based indirect composite-layered molar restorations. MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty-four titanium abutments (GingiHue Post) were placed on dental implants (Osseotite Implant). Standardized single-tooth cement-retained implant-supported mandibular molar restorations were fabricated for each of four test groups (n = 11) as follows: porcelain-fused-to-metal crowns (PFM), zirconia-based all-ceramic crowns (ZAC), zirconia-based indirect composite-layered crowns primed with Estenia Opaque Primer for zirconia frameworks (ZIC-E), and zirconia-based indirect composite-layered crowns (ZIC). The crowns were luted with a glass-ionomer cement (Ketac Cem Easymix). Fracture resistance (N) was determined by force application of a perpendicular load to the crowns with a universal testing machine. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukeys HSD test were used to assess differences in fracture resistance values (α = 0.05). RESULTS Mean fracture resistances (SD) were 3.09 (0.22) kN, 3.11 (0.34) kN, 2.84 (0.21) kN, and 2.50 (0.36) kN for the PFM, ZAC, ZIC-E, and ZIC groups, respectively. Fracture resistance in the ZIC specimens was significantly lower (P < 0.044) than that in the other groups, which did not significantly differ. CONCLUSIONS The fracture resistance of single-tooth implant-supported zirconia-based indirect composite-layered molar crowns primed with Estenia Opaque Primer for zirconia frameworks (ZIC-E) is comparable to that of porcelain-fused-to-metal (PFM) and zirconia-based all-ceramic (ZAC) restorations. Application of Estenia Opaque Primer to zirconia ceramic framework provides superior fracture resistance in implant-supported zirconia-based indirect composite-layered molar crowns.

Effect of priming agents on shear bond strengths of resin-based luting agents to a translucent zirconia material

PURPOSE The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of priming agents and artificial aging with thermocycling on shear bond strengths of two resin-based luting agents to a translucent zirconia material. METHODS A total of 308 pairs of translucent zirconia disk specimens were divided into seven treatment groups: Alloy Primer (ALP), Clearfil Ceramic Primer Plus (CCP), Meta Fast Bonding Liner (MFB), MR. bond (MRB), Super-Bond PZ Primer Liquid B (PZB), V-Primer (VPR), and an unprimed group (UP). The specimens in each group were bonded with Panavia V5 Universal (UNI) and Opaque shade (OPA). Shear bond strengths (n=11 each) were tested before and after 5000 thermocycles. The data were analyzed with the Kruskal-Wallis test and the Steel-Dwass test. RESULTS For both 0 and 5000 thermocycles, the ALP (47.8 and 41.5MPa, respectively) and CCP (45.8 and 42.3MPa, respectively) groups showed significantly higher bond strengths than other groups in the UNI luting agent. For the OPA luting agent, CCP group (45.8MPa) exhibited the highest pre-thermocycling bond strength in all groups. The ALP (32.4MPa) and CCP (36.5MPa) groups had significantly higher post-thermocycling shear bond strengths than other groups. In several groups, the shear bond strengths of the UNI luting agent were significantly higher than those of the OPA luting agent before and after thermocycling. CONCLUSIONS Application of priming agents containing hydrophobic phosphate monomer (MDP) yielded the durable bond strengths of resin-based luting agents to a translucent zirconia material.

Shear bond strengths of an indirect composite layering material to a tribochemically silica-coated zirconia framework material

This study evaluated shear bond strengths of a layering indirect composite material to a zirconia framework material treated with tribochemical silica coating. Zirconia disks were divided into two groups: ZR-PRE (airborne-particle abrasion) and ZR-PLU (tribochemical silica coating). Indirect composite was bonded to zirconia treated with one of the following primers: Clearfil Ceramic Primer (CCP), Clearfil Mega Bond Primer with Clearfil Porcelain Bond Activator (MGP+Act), ESPE-Sil (SIL), Estenia Opaque Primer, MR. Bond, Super-Bond PZ Primer Liquid A with Liquid B (PZA+PZB), and Super-Bond PZ Primer Liquid B (PZB), or no treatment. Shear bond testing was performed at 0 and 20,000 thermocycles. Post-thermocycling shear bond strengths of ZR-PLU were higher than those of ZR-PRE in CCP, MGP+Act, SIL, PZA+PZB, and PZB groups. Application of silane yielded better durable bond strengths of a layering indirect composite material to a tribochemically silica-coated zirconia framework material.

Post-thermocycling shear bond strength of a gingiva-colored indirect composite layering material to three implant framework materials

Abstract Objective. To evaluate shear bond strength of a gingiva-colored indirect composite to three implant framework materials, before and after thermocycling, and verify the effect of surface pre-treatment for each framework. Materials and methods. Commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti), American Dental Association (ADA) type 4 casting gold alloy (Type IV) and zirconia ceramics (Zirconia) were assessed. For each substrate, 96 disks were divided into six groups and primed with one of the following primers: Alloy Primer (ALP), Clearfil Photo Bond (CPB), Clearfil Photo Bond with Clearfil Porcelain Bond Activator (CPB+Activator), Estenia Opaque Primer (EOP), Metal Link (MLP) and V-Primer (VPR). The specimens were then bonded to a gingiva-colored indirect composite (Ceramage Concentrate GUM-D). Shear bond strengths were measured at 0 and 20 000 thermocycles and data were analyzed with the Steel-Dwass test and Mann-Whitney U-test. Results. Shear bond strengths were significantly lower after thermocycling, with the exception of Type IV specimens primed with CPB (p = 0.092) or MLP (p = 0.112). For CP-Ti and Zirconia specimens, priming with CPB or CPB+Activator produced significantly higher bond strengths at 0 and 20 000 thermocycles, as compared with the other groups. For Type IV specimens, priming with ALP or MLP produced higher bond strengths at 0 and 20 000 thermocycles. Conclusions. Shear bond strength of a gingiva-colored indirect composite to CP-Ti, gold alloy and zirconia ceramics was generally lower after thermocycling. Application of a hydrophobic phosphate monomer and polymerization initiator was effective in maintaining bond strength of CP-Ti and zirconia ceramics. Combined use of a thione monomer and phosphoric monomer enhanced the durable bond strength of gold alloy.

Shear bond strength of a denture base acrylic resin and gingiva-colored indirect composite material to zirconia ceramics

PURPOSE To evaluate the shear bond strengths of two gingiva-colored materials (an indirect composite material and a denture base acrylic resin) to zirconia ceramics and determine the effects of surface treatment with various priming agents. METHODS A gingiva-colored indirect composite material (CER) or denture base acrylic resin (PAL) was bonded to zirconia disks with unpriming (UP) or one of seven priming agents (n=11 each), namely, Alloy Primer (ALP), Clearfil Photo Bond (CPB), Clearfil Photo Bond with Clearfil Porcelain Bond Activator (CPB+Act), Metal Link (MEL), Meta Fast Bonding Liner (MFB), MR. bond (MRB), and V-Primer (VPR). Shear bond strength was determined before and after 5000 thermocycles. The data were analyzed with the Kruskal-Wallis test and Steel-Dwass test. RESULTS The mean pre-/post-thermalcycling bond strengths were 1.0-14.1MPa/0.1-12.1MPa for the CER specimen and 0.9-30.2MPa/0.1-11.1MPa for the PAL specimen. For the CER specimen, the ALP, CPB, and CPB+Act groups had significantly higher bond strengths among the eight groups, at both 0 and 5000 thermocycles. For the PAL specimen, shear bond strength was significantly lower after thermalcycling in all groups tested. After 5000 thermocycles, bond strengths were significantly higher in the CPB and CPB+Act groups than in the other groups. CONCLUSIONS For the PAL specimens, bond strengths were significantly lower after thermalcycling in all groups tested. The MDP functional monomer improved bonding of a gingiva-colored indirect composite material and denture base acrylic resin to zirconia ceramics.