G. A. Lyakhov

Method for measuring the frequency shifts of interference maxima in monitoring of dispersion media: Theory, implementation, and prospects

A theory and implementation of the approach to reconstruction of inhomogeneities in dispersion media, based on measuring the frequency shifts of interference maxima (FSIMs) of wave field, are reported. The possibilities of the new approach are compared with the potential of the conventional technique, which is based on measuring the propagation times of pulsed signals. Specific methods for measuring FSIMs in time-dependent media are described, and the noise immunity of these methods is evaluated. The reconstruction (via FSIM monitoring) of typical oceanic inhomogeneities is described and analyzed. Possible applications of this approach in the infra- and ultrasonic ranges are shown.

Numerical and natural experiment on georadiolocation: Prospects of applications for lunar soil sensing

Fields from a pulse source, propagating in a soil with typified inhomogeneities, have been calculated using a previously developed algorithm for solving the direct problem of georadiolocation. The previously designed georadar Grot has been used in natural measurements of the coordinates of geological exploration wells in a commercial deposit. An analysis of the results of numerical simulation and natural measurements has shown that the georadar Grot (equipped with control and data processing programs) satisfies the requirements to the key georadar characteristics (dynamic range, compactness, and low power consumption) in expedition study of lunar soils.

Time dependence of the luminescence from a polymer membrane swollen in water: Concentration and isotopic effects

The effect of UV irradiation of the surface of a Nafion polymer electrolyte membrane swollen in water in the pump grazing incidence geometry has been experimentally investigated. The photoluminescence from the Nafion surface has been measured in the spectral range characteristic of this polymer. The photoluminescence signal from a polymer with a variable isotopic composition is found to be sensitive to swelling in water. The spectral absorption lines of dry and water-swollen Nafion samples are characterized. It is shown that the luminescence centers in the polymer are sulfonic acid groups located on the ends of perfluorovinyl ether groups, which form the teflon base. Measurements of the temporal dynamics of the luminescence of these groups have revealed an informationally important and significant dependence of the luminescence parameters on the degree of Nafion swelling. A pronounced and nontrivial dependence of these parameters on the content of heavy isotope D2O in water is also found.

Droplet-like heterogeneity of aqueous tetrahydrofuran solutions at the submicrometer scale

A droplet formation in aqueous solutions of tetrahydrofuran (THF) has been experimentally detected at the submicrometer scale using two independent laser diagnostic techniques (dynamic light scattering and laser phase microscopy) and described in terms of THF-water intermolecular hydrogen bonding. It is shown that the nanodroplets have a mean size of 300 nm, their refractive index is higher than that of the ambient liquid, and they are highly enriched with THF molecules. The maximum of light scattering intensity falls within the THF concentration range 2-8 mol. %, which corresponds to the volume number density of the nanodroplets ∼1010-1011 cm-3. A theoretical explanation of forming the nanodroplets with a high content of THF, which is based on a model of dichotomous noise being applied to the so-termed twinkling hydrogen bonds and involves spinodal decomposition in the unstable region enclosed within the dichotomous binodal, is proposed. The parameters of hydrogen bonds in the molecular system water-THF were found, and the phase diagram of the solution with allowance for cross-linking hydrogen bonds was constructed.

Georadar sensing from terrestrial surface and shafts: Approaches to evaluation of rock fracturing

The inhomogeneous structures of soils of complex composition on deposits of chromite ores and potassium salts have been investigated by georadiolocation using pulsed nanosecond ground penetrating radars (developed by the authors). The effective sensing range was several tens of meters when profiling from the terrestrial surface and walls of underground drifts and workings. Underground zones of rock mass fracturing, discontinuous tectonic and technogenic breaks of ore body continuity, and high brine saturation are mapped accurate to 0.1–1m.

Realization of 3D Random Voronoi Mosaic Cell in Hydrate Phases of Clathrate Compositions

It is shown that the cages in water frameworks of clathrate structures of crystalline gas hydrates are characterized by averaged values of the numbers NV (polyhedron vertices), NE (polyhedron edges), NF (polyhedron faces) and NVF (vertices per face), close to the values calculated for the unit cell of a 3D random Voronoi mosaic.

Erratum to: “Time Dependence of the Luminescence from a Polymer Membrane Swollen in Water: Concentration and Isotopic Effects” [Physics of Wave Phenomena 25(4), 259 (2017)]

The authors apologizes for this error in the paper “Time Dependence of the Luminescence from a Polymer Membrane Swollen in Water: Concentration and Isotopic Effects” by N.F. Bunkin, G.A. Lyakhov, V.A. Kozlov, 74 A.V. Shkirin, I.I. Molchanov, M.T.Vu, I.S. Bereza, N.G. Bolikov, V.L. Fouilhe, Igor S. Golyak, Ilya S. Golyak, I.L. Fufurin, V.S. Gorelik, E.V. Uspenskaya, H.S. Nguyen, and S.V. Gudkov.Page 269, Section ACKNOWLEDGMENTSThis study was supported by the RFBR Projects 15-02-07586, 16-52-540001, and 17-02-00214, and the MEPhI Academic Excellence Project (Contract No. 02.a03.21.0005).n Should be readn This study was supported by the RFBR Projects 15-02-07586, 16-52-540001, and 17-02-00214, the MEPhI Academic Excellence Project (Contract No. 02.a03.21.0005), and the Bilateral Project on Science and Technology (Code No.VAST.HTQT.NGA.03/16-17).

Laser Diagnostics of the Mesoscale Heterogeneity of Aqueous Solutions of Polar Organic Compounds

A mesoscale droplet phase, which is spontaneously formed in aqueous solutions of some polar organic compounds, has been experimentally investigated by methods of dynamic light scattering and laser phase microscopy. It is shown that tetrahydrofuran and tert-butanol aqueous solutions demonstrate a strong peak of light scattering intensity in the range of molecular concentrations of about 0.02 to 0.08, which corresponds to inhomogeneities with a characteristic size of about 100 nm. These liquid droplets are enriched with molecules of dissolved substance. A similar light scattering peak for aqueous solutions of glycerol and ethylene glycol is less pronounced. A theoretical model of the phase separation of binary solutions with twinkling (i.e., existing for a finite time) intermolecular hydrogen bonds is developed. The model predicts the existence of an additional low-concentration light scattering peak near the spinodal of the solution free of hydrogen bonds. A characterization of solutions according to the numerical values of twinkling hydrogen bond parameters is outlined.

Technologies of Seismic Acoustic and Electromagnetic Monitoring of Soils for Prospecting and Controlling Hydrocarbon Production: Arctic Shelf, Hard-To-Extract Reserves, and Distributed Deposits

Instrumental complexes for seismic acoustic and electromagnetic sensing of subsurface soils on the shelf of sea water areas and coastal territories have been designed, produced, and tested under natural conditions. Elements of the cognitive radio network and hydroacoustic stations of the safety system of coastal commercial enterprises are designed and prepared for commercial production. These elements are designed for the infrastructure of distant territories with explored and developed oil and gas deposits.

Orientational ordering of protein particles with asymmetric introductions of ferritin in a magnetic field

The mechanism of orientational ordering of protein particles in an inhomogeneous magnetic field, proposed by the authors in Phys. Wave Phenom. 13(1), 1 (2005), was extended to ferritin inclusions in such particles, taking into account the probable appearance of superantiferromagnetic susceptibility properties. Degrees of orientational ordering, ordered state formation and decay times achievable in bioparticle suspensions were estimated for a realistic model of the resistance to motion of elliptic particles in a viscous fluid. Biotechnological applications of the effect are discussed.