G. de Saint Blanquat

Excretion of nitrates and nitrites in saliva and bile in the dog

The kinetics of salivary and biliary excretion of inorganic nitrates and nitrites was studied in mongrel dogs after iv injection of these compounds labelled with 15N. There was strong salivary excretion of 15NO-3 after injection of Na15NO3 but little or no nitrites were excreted in the saliva, indicating that the nitrites present in the mouth are mainly the result of in situ transformation of nitrates into nitrites. In the bile, large quantities of nitrates were excreted when the dogs received 15NO-2, indicating endogenous oxidation of the nitrite.

Etude nutritionnelle et toxicologique, chez le rat, d'un contaminant alimentaire: L'etain

Nutritional and toxicological study of rats fed a diet containing tin A toxicological, nutritional and histological study of rats on a diet containing 0.5 g of tin (Sn Cl2) per 100 g of dry food for one month has been made. By γ radioactivity measurements (with 113Sn used as a tracer) it is shown that this metal does not practically clear the digestive barrier. Otherwise the classical coefficients of nitrogen nutrition and the urinary parameters (volume, glucose, pH) are not influenced; but the growth of treated animals is obviously slower than control animals because of their reduced ingestion of food. Moreover after one month of treatment a marked anaemia results since the hematocrit and hemoglobin levels are perceptibly reduced. Lastly the histological investigations give evidence of notable irratation of the total gastrointestinal tract. This study, as that of many authors, raises the question of present permissible levels of tin (up to 250 ppm) in foods.

Effect of various dietary components on absorption and tissue distribution of orally administered inorganic tin in rats

Summary The absorption of tin from the gastro-intestinal tract and its distribution in the tissues was studied in groups of rats given 113 Sn-labelled stannous chloride by gastric intubation together with various other food components, namely sucrose, ascorbic acid and potassium nitrate, given with the tin salt either separately or all together, ethanol (given as a 20% solution), a solution of albumin and an emulsion of sunflower oil and 1% Tween 20. In all groups, 90–99% of the administered radioactivity was excreted in the faeces within 48 hr, at which time faecal excretion and retention in the alimentary tract accounted for 98·7–99·9% of the dose. Only traces of 113 Sn were detected in the wide range of organs and tissues examined, irrespective of the other food components administered with the tin salt.

Effet de I’acide tannique sur la sécrétion gastrique chez le rat

We have studied the effect of tannic acid on gastric secretion in the stomach of the rat [Shay et al., 1945]. Using both single and repeated dosages, our findings disclose: The administration of a sin

A study of the action of clonidine on secretion from the adrenal medulla in dogs

1 The effects of clonidine on adrenal catecholamine (adrenaline and noradrenaline) secretion were investigated in chloralose‐anaesthetized dogs. 2 Intravenous administration of clonidine (10 and 20 μg kg−1) induced a decrease in both adrenal catecholamine secretion rates and cardiovascular parameters (blood pressure and heart rate). In contrast, a dose of 5 μg kg−1 was ineffective. 3 Intracisternal clonidine (in a lower dose of 3 μg kg−1) also decreased adrenaline and noradrenaline release from the adrenal gland. 4 Clonidine failed to modify adrenal catecholamine release evoked by electrical stimulation of the splanchnic nerve. 5 These results demonstrate that clonidine decreases adrenaline release from the adrenal gland through a central and not a peripheral mechanism in dogs. This action might contribute to its antihypertensive effects.

Absorption gastro-intestinale, chez le rat, de l'anisole, du trans-anéthole, du butylhydroxyanisole et du safrole

A method of in situ perfusion in the rat was used to study the gastro-intestinal absorption of four food additives derived from methoxybenzene, namely anisole, trans-anethole, butylated hydroxyanisole and safrole. These compounds are largely absorbed from the digestive tract by a mechanism of passive diffusion, but the absorption kinetics vary from one product to another. These variations are explained, at least partially, by differences in the coefficients of liposolubility.

Expérience en pair-feeding chez des rats traités au nitrate ou au nitrite de sodium

A nutritional and toxicological study has been made of rats, using the pair-feeding technique. The animals were fed a diet containing 5 % of NO-3 ion or 0.5 % of NO-2 ion (in the form of sodium salts). Under these conditions, a decrease was noted in the consumption of solid food which caused a net loss of weight. Besides, nitrates notably increase liquid intake and diuresis while nitrites induce a significant decrease in the protein retention coefficient.

Nutritional and toxicological effects of long-term ingestion of phosphine-fumigated diet by the rat

The fumigation of stored foodstuffs with phosphine (PH3) is likely to become widely used in the future because of its technological efficiency and the rapid desorption of the fumigant. In a long-term feeding study of a phosphine-fumigated diet, rats were monitored for weight gain, food intake, plasma chemistry, haematology and urinary changes. Histopathological studies, including organ-weight determinations, were carried out after treatment of the rats for 1 and 2 yr. The results show that ingestion of a phosphine-fumigated diet by the rat for 2 yr does not cause any marked modification of growth, food intake, nitrogen balance, body composition, functional behaviour or the incidence or type of tumours.

Nitrates et nitrites: impacts nutritionnels chez le rat

A toxicological, nutritional and histological study has been carried out on rats fed ad libitum on a diet containing: 0, 0.1, 1 or 5% of NO-3 ion, or 0, 0.01, 0.1 or 1 % of NO

Action of phosphine (PH3) on production of sterigmatocystin by various fungal strains isolated from foodstuffs.

Phosphine is a food fumigant, used until now as an insecticide and rodenticide. The present work researches the action of phosphine treatment on growth and sterigmatocystin production of several fungal strains. Production of sterigmatocystin decreased by a ratio of 100 to 500 or was abolished.