G.G. Muley

Influence of Nd3+ on zinc tris-thiourea sulphate single crystal: a comparative crystal growth, structural, linear–nonlinear optical and dielectric study to explore NLO device applications

Abstract In present investigation, crystals of pure and Nd3+ doped zinc tris-thiourea sulphate (ZTS) material have been grown from aqueous solution at room temperature by employing slow evaporation technique. The incorporation of Nd3+ in ZTS crystal complex has been qualitatively determined by means of energy-dispersive spectroscopic technique. The crystalline phase and structural parameters of grown crystals have been confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction technique. The influence of Nd3+ on optical transparency of ZTS crystal has been examined in the range of 190–1100 nm. The transmittance data have been used to evaluate the vital optical constants (extinction coefficient, refractive index and reflectance) of grown crystals to discuss the utility for distinct optical applications. The enhancement in SHG efficiency of Nd3+ doped ZTS crystal has been confirmed by Kurtz–Perry powder test. The nature of dielectric constant and dielectric loss of pure and Nd3+ doped ZTS crystal has been comparatively investigated in the temperature range of 35–110 °C. 1. Growth of pure and Nd3+ doped ZTS crystal is reported for the first time 2. XRD analysis confirmed good crystalline nature of Nd3+ doped ZTS crystal 3. Nd3+ significantly improved the linear optical response of ZTS crystal 4. Enhanced SHG efficiency of Nd3+ doped ZTS crystal is 1.4 times that of ZTS crystal 5. Lower dielectrics of Nd3+ doped ZTS crystal are vital for optoelectronics applications

Single crystal growth and enhancing effect of glycine on characteristic properties of bis-thiourea zinc acetate crystal

A single crystal of glycine-doped bis-thiourea zinc acetate (G-BTZA) with a dimension of 15 × 6 × 4 mm3 has been grown using the slow solution evaporation technique. The structural parameters of the crystals were determined using the single crystal XRD technique. The increase in optical transparency of the doped BTZA crystal was ascertained in the range of 200 to 900 nm using UV–visible spectral analysis. The improved optical band gap of the G-BTZA crystal is found to be 4.19 eV, and vital optical constants have been calculated using the transmittance data. The influence of glycine on the mechanical parameters of the BTZA crystal has been investigated via microhardness studies. The thermal stability of pure and doped BTZA crystals has been determined by employing the thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis technique. The improvement in the dielectric properties of the BTZA crystal after the addition of glycine has been evaluated in a temperature range of 30 to 120 °C at a frequency of 100 KHz. The SHG efficiency of the glycine-doped BTZA crystal is found to be much higher than KDP and BTZA crystal material in a Kurtz–Perry powder analysis.

Doping effect of carboxylic acids on optical, electrical, mechanical and thermal traits of KDP crystal

Abstract Single crystals of maleic acid (MA)- and oxalic acid (OA)-doped potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) materials have been grown by slow evaporation solution technique. The structural parameters of the grown crystals have been determined using the single crystal X-ray diffraction technique. Fourier transform infrared analysis has been done to identify the functional groups of grown crystals. The modifications in optical transmittance, optical band gap and different optical constants of KDP crystal due to addition of MA and OA have been investigated by means of UV–Visible spectral analysis. The Vicker’s microhardness studies have been carried out to examine the mechanical behaviour of pure and doped KDP crystals. The influence of dopants on thermal stability of KDP crystal has been investigated using the thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis. The dielectric constant, dielectric loss, ac resistivity and ac conductivity of pure and doped KDP crystals were evaluated under dielectric studies.

Visible-light-activated nanocomposite photocatalyst of Cr2O3/SnO2

Visible-light-activated Cr2O3/SnO2 nanocomposite photocatalyst was prepared by coprecipitation method and characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, N2 adsorption-desorption measurement, and UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The results show that phase composition, crystallite size, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area, and optical absorption of samples varied significantly with the heat treatment temperatures. The Cr2O3/SnO2 photocatalyst (the molar ratio Cr to Sn is 1:2) calcined at 400°C for 2 h exhibited maximum photocatalytic activity because it has a smaller particle size of 10.05 nm and a higher surface area of 38.75 m2/g. Under visible-light (λ > 400 nm) irradiation, the degradation rate of Rhodamine B reached 98.0% in 60 min, which is about 3.5 times higher than that of the standard P25 photocatalyst.

Monocrystal growth and characterization study of α- and γ-polymorph of glycine to explore superior performance of γ-glycine crystal

Abstract Optical quality single crystals of α- and γ-polymorph of glycine with respective dimension of 16 × 04 × 04 and 16 × 14 × 08 mm3 have been grown from slow solvent evaporation technique. The single crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) study has been carried out to confirm the cell parameters, crystal structure and space group of grown polymorphs of glycine crystal. The powder XRD analysis has been performed to investigate the crystalline nature of γ-glycine crystal. The UV-visible spectral analysis has been carried out in the range of 200–900 nm to determine the optical transmittance and band gap of grown crystals. In Kurtz-Perry test, the second harmonic generation efficiency of γ-glycine crystal is found to be 1.4 times higher than KDP crystal material. The emission profile and electronic purity of grown crystals has been examined by means of photoluminescence study. The differential thermal analysis of grown crystals has been undertaken to determine the melting point of grown polymorphs of glycine crystal. The temperature dependent behavior of dielectric parameters of grown crystals has been comparatively investigated within 35–90 °C by means of dielectric analysis.

Evaluate the effect of L-valine on linear–nonlinear optical and electrical properties of BTCA crystal to identify photonic device applications

In this study, pure and l-valine (LV)-doped bis-thiourea cadmium acetate (BTCA) crystals have been grown by slow solution evaporation technique. For the first time, LV has been used as a dopant to tune the optical (linear and third-order non-linear optical) and electrical properties of BTCA crystal which are vital for various integrated optic device applications. The UV-visible spectral analysis has been performed in the range of 200–900 nm to determine the optical transparency of grown crystals. The Z-scan (open and closed apertures) studies were undertaken at 632.8 nm to ascertain the nature of third-order non-linearity in grown crystals. The third-order non-linear optical parameters such as non-linear refraction (n2), absorption coefficient (β) and susceptibility (χ3) of grown crystals have been calculated. The susceptibility (χ3) of pure and LV-doped BTCA crystal is found to be 2.58 × 10−4 esu and 3.34 × 10−4 esu, respectively. The electrical studies have been carried out to analyse the dielectric constant, dielectric loss, ac resistivity and ac conductivity of pure and LV-doped BTCA crystals.

Investigation on nonlinear optical and dielectric properties of L-arginine doped ZTC crystal to explore photonic device applications

Abstract The present study is focused to explore the photonic device applications of L-arginine doped ZTC (LA-ZTC) crystals using nonlinear optical (NLO) and dielectric studies. The LA-ZTC crystals have been grown by slow evaporation solution technique. The chemical composition and surface of LA-ZTC crystal have been analyzed by means of energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and surface scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The Vicker’s microhardness study has been carried out to determine the hardness, work hardening index, yield strength and elastic stiffness of LA-ZTC crystal. The enhanced SHG efficiency of LA-ZTC crystal has been ascertained using the Kurtz-Perry powder SHG test. The closed-and-open aperture Z-scan technique has been employed to confirm the third order nonlinear optical nature of LA-ZTC crystal. The Z-scan transmittance data has been utilized to calculate the superior cubic susceptibility, nonlinear refractive index, nonlinear absorption coefficient and figure of merit of LA-ZTC crystal. The behavior of dielectric constant and dielectric loss of LA-ZTC crystal at different temperatures has been investigated using the dielectric analysis.

Growth, linear–non-linear optical, fluorescence, thermal and electrical studies of glycine-doped bis-thiourea cadmium formate crystal for electro-optic device applications

Abstract In the present investigation, glycine has been doped in bis-thiourea cadmium formate (BTCF) and single crystal was grown by slow solution evaporation technique. The incorporation of glycine in BTCF crystal was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. The UV-visible transmittance spectrum of pure and doped BTCF crystals was recorded to comparatively analyse the optical transparency, optical bandgap and other optical constants. The third-order non-linear behaviour of grown crystals has been investigated at 632.8 nm using Z-scan technique, and vital third-order non-linear optical (NLO) constants were calculated. The second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency of doped BTCF crystal is found to be 2.15 times that of KDP material. The fluorescence studies of doped BTCF crystal confirmed the red colour emission in the visible region. The thermal stability of grown crystals was determined by means of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The dielectric measurement studies were performed at room temperature. The surface morphology of doped BTCF crystal was analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique.

Analysis of the x-ray diffraction, etching, luminescence, photoconductivity, thermal and dielectric properties of an ADP crystal influenced by the bimetallic additive sodium metasilicate (Na2SiO3)

The present communication is focused on an investigation of the structural, optical, electrical and thermal properties of a sodium metasilicate (SMS)-doped ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) crystal. The slow evaporation solution technique has been adopted to grow the crystal with an optimum size of (10 × 6 × 4) mm3. The powder x-ray diffraction (PXRD) technique has been employed to confirm the crystalline nature, crystal structure and cell parameters of the crystal (a = b = 7.53 (±0.01) Ǻ, c = 7.59 (±0.03) Ǻ). The color-centered photoluminescence nature of the SMS-doped ADP crystal has been examined in the visible region of interest at an emission wavelength of 375 nm. Its frequency-dependent dielectric response has been investigated with reference to a pure ADP crystal to explore optoelectronic device applications. The thermal stability of the crystal has been examined by means of simultaneous thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis, and its surface quality has been investigated by means of etching studies. Finally, photoconductivity studies have been employed to determine the nature of photoconductivity in the crystal.

Laser induced optical and microscopic studies of salicylic acid influenced KH2PO4 crystal for photonic device applications

Abstract The present communication is aimed to explore the characteristic properties of salicylic acid (SA) doped potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate (KDOP) crystal. The single SA doped KDOP crystal with optimum dimension of 10 × 08 × 04 mm3 has been grown from solution by slow evaporation at ambient temperature. The single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis has been employed to determine the structure and cell parameters of grown crystal. The Z-scan studies have been carried out at 632.8 nm to ascertain the influential third-order non-linear optical (TONLO) nature of SA doped KDOP crystal. The Z-scan transmittance data have been used to determine the magnitude of TONLO susceptibility (χ3), absorption coefficient (β) and refractive index (n2) of SA doped KDOP crystal. For grown crystal, the surface damage due to exposure of high intensity of Nd:YAG laser operating at 1064 nm has been determined and found of order MW cm−2. The growth tendency, etch pattern and surface quality of grown SA doped KDOP crystal has been investigated by means of etching studies. The thermal response of grown crystal has been examined by differential thermal analysis employed in the range of 23–800°C. The hardness number of SA doped KDOP crystal has been investigated by means of Vickers microhardness study by applying different load ranging from 25 to 100 gm. The work hardening index and elastic stiffness coefficient have been evaluated using the hardness data. The nature of photoconductivity exhibited by grown crystal has been determined in voltage range of 10–100 V. Highlights• Z-scan analysis revealed negative non-linear refraction and reverse saturable absorption effect in SA-KDOP crystal.• The laser damage threshold of SA-KDOP crystal at 1064 nm is found to be 274·74 MWcm−2.• SA-KDOP crystal exhibited positive photoconducting nature within 10–100 V.• The dopant SA facilitated large enhancement in hardness parameters of KDOP crystal.• Etching and thermal analysis has been performed.