G. L. Wilson

Frequency Actuated Load Shedding and Restoration Part I - Philosophy

During the last few years, there has been expanded effort throughout the country to install frequency actuated load shedding programs for the purpose of providing means to safeguard a power system should a condition of declining frequency occur. Hand in hand with a load shedding program a convenient means must be provided for restoring load after the system returns to a normal state. In this series of papers, the authors will present some of the basic principles which should be considered in the application of a load shedding and load restoration program and will describe the philosophy which led to the frequency actuated load shedding and load restoration program being implemented on the American Electric Power System. As part of this presentation, the various analytical studies which were carried out to determine the load management programs for the AEP system will be described in detail. In addition, the method of program implementation and management is presented in a companion paper.

Modeling of Solid Rotor Turbogenerators Part I: Theory and Techniques

This paper discusses techniques for modeling turbogenerators based upon measured machine properties. Of specific concern is the two port nature of the d- axis and the consequent requirement upon proper identification of the field winding properties. Techniques for deriving models from frequency response measurements are presented.

Electrostatically Induced Voltages and Currents on Conducting Objects under EHV Transmission Lines

A study is made of the steady-state short circuit current Is.c., and open circuit voltage, Vo.c., to ground for conducting objects under E.H.V. transmission lines. This is carried out in a computer program and on a scaled down laboratory model of a transmission line. In addition, tests are conducted at the American Electric Power Service Corporation and Westinghouse Electric Corporation E.H.V. test site at Apple Grove, West Virginia[1]. The Apple Grove results are used for comparison with the other two approaches. Values of Is.c. within a few percent of the field data and of Vo.c. within about 30 percent are predicted by the computer program. For the transmission line model, the measured values of Is.c. are within a few percent of the Apple Grove measurements and the values of Vo.c. are within approximately 15 percent.

Three Dimensional Transient Analysis of Superconducting Generators

Techniques for the transient analysis of a superconducting alternator are described. These techniques are based upon a three dimensional analysis. This transient simulation technique is felt to be a significant improvement over previous techniques which are based upon two-dimensional or quasi two-dimensional analyses. Typical simulation results are presented.

Spectral Characteristics of Acoustic Noise from Metallic Protrusions and Water Droplets in High Electric Fields

The spectral properties of acoustic noise generated by corona at imperfections and water droplets on high voltage transmission lines are studied by means of single site corona sources in a coaxial geometry. The steady state noise as generated by these metallic imperfections or spitters and by single, flow rate dependent, sites of water emission is recorded and analyzed by means of a high fidelity microphone and a recording wave analyzer. To insure isolation from ambient noise, the entire electrode structure used to generate the corona is contained in an anechoic chamber.

Modeling of Solid Rotor Turbogenerators Part II: Example of Model Derivation and Use in Digital Simulation

This paper uses the techniques discussed in Part I to derive a variety of direct-and quadrature-axis models of a small laboratory generator. The predictions of these models in computer simulations are compared to measured performance. Based upon these results, the models and modeling techniques are evaluated and discussed. The need for further study of saturation effects is highlighted by the inability of the models to predict initial steady state conditions and the consequent effects upon the results of transient simulations.

Transmission Line Models for Switching Studies: Design Criteria II. Selection of Section Length, Model Design and Tests

A criterion is presented and evaluated for establishing the relation between section length of a transmission model and the desired accuracy over a frequency band. This criterion along with those established in a companion paperl are used to design a transmission line model. The details of the design are presented. Test results made on a newly constructed model are presented to establish the validity of the design criteria.

Effects of Zero Sequence Modeling and Transposition on Switching Surge Overvoltages

Zero-sequence frequency dependent parameters for a transmission line with both ground wires and earth return paths and the effects of nontransposition are modeled on an analog transmission system simulator. The effects of this detailed modeling on the overvoltages experienced by a 200 mile 765 kV transmission system. link are investigated, for a variety of switching surge and fault initiation operations, in terms of the resulting overvoltage probability density distributions.

Transmission Line Models for Switching Studies: Design Criteria I. Effects of NonTransposition and Frequency

A study is made of the effects of nontransposition on the performance of transmission lines. A non-transposed, lumped parameter model is presented. The dependence of line parameter values on frequency up to 6 kilohertz is developed and is used to calculate model parameter variations with frequency. It is concluded that nontransposition and frequency dependent models are necessary to design accurate transmission line models. The results are used in a companion paperl as criteria for transmission line model design.

Proposed Temperature Standards for Synchronous Machines (IEEE Synchronous Machinery Subcommittee Report)

This paper reports the results of work done by a Working Group of the IEEE 5ynchronous Machinery Subcommittee (IEEE SMS) to update and coordinate temperature standards for synchronous machines. Proposed temperature standards recommended by the IEEE SMS are presented in Appendix II.