G. Lamaty

Aromatic plants of Tropical Central Africa. Part XXXII. Chemical composition and antifungal activity of thirteen essential oils from aromatic plants of Cameroon

The essential oils of Hoslundia opposita Vahl. (leaves), Hyptis lanceolata Poit. (whole plant), Hyptis suaveolens Poit. (leaves), Ocimum basilicum L. (whole plant), Ocimum canum Sim. (whole plant), Ocimum gratissimum L. (leaves), Plectranthus glandulosus Hook (leaves), Thymus vulgaris L. (whole plant), Piper capense L. (leaves and seeds), Piper guineense Schum. et Thom. (leaves and seeds) and Bixa orellana L. (leaves) which were obtained by hydrodistillation from plants collected in different regions of Cameroon, were analysed by GC and combined GC–MS. The oils of Hoslundia opposita, Hyptis lanceolata, H. suaveolens, T. vulgaris, P. capense, P. guineense and B. orellana were found to be rich in hydrocarbons (>58%). The most abundant compounds in the oils of O. basilicum, O. canum and P. glandulosus were alcohols and oxides (>40%), while in the oil of O. gratissimum the amounts of hydrocarbons and oxygen-containing components were roughly the same. It is of interest to note the presence in O. basilicum and P. guineense (leaves) of aromatic compounds in a sizeable amount (13.5% and 25.6% respectively). The antifungal activity of these essential oils against Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, Aspergillus flavus, Aureobasidium pullulans, Microsporum gypseum, Trichophyton rubrum, and Trichoderma viride were also investigated. Two methods were used for these antifungal tests: the microatmosphere method and the standardized broth dilution micromethod. Three oils (from Ocimum gratissimum, Thymus vulgaris and Ocimum basilicum) showed strong antifungal activity.

Correlation between chemical composition and antimicrobial activity. VI. Activity of some African essential oils.

Abstract The composition of thirteen essential oils of African origin (mostly Cameroon) were examined by GC and GC/MS. Oils of Xylopia aethiopica A. Rich.(Fruits), X. parviflora (A. Rich) Benth. (Fruits), Monodora myristica (Gaertn) Dunal (Fruits), M. brevipes Benth. (Seeds), Annona senegalensis Pers. (Fruits), Cananga odorata Hook. f. et Thomson (Fruits, Leaves), Tagetes minuta L. (Leaves, Flowers), Hernan-dia voyroni R. Cap. (Bark), Ageratum conyzoides L. (Leaves), Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf (Leaves) and Aframomum citratum Pereira ex Oliv. et Hanb.) (Seeds) were included in this study. The major components of the oils were X. aethiopica: β-pinene (17.4%), sabinene (23.9%) and terpinen-4-ol (12.9%); X. parviflora: α-pinene (14.0%) and β-pinene (40.0%); M. myristica: α-phellandrene (48.8%) and α-pinene (15.9%); M. brevipes: α-phellandrene (74.9%), A. senegalensis; α-phellandrene (24.9%), α-pinene (11.9%) and myrcene (11.3%); C. odorata Fruits: α-pinene (11.1%), myrcene (24.7%) and sabinene (34.3%); C....

Aromatic Plants from Brazil. II. The Chemical Composition of Some Eugenia Essential Oils

ABSTRACT Essential oils were obtained from the leaves of six Eugenia species collected from different areas of Brazil and were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Forty-four compounds representing 89.6–95.7% of the oils were identified. Only Eugenia schuechiana and E. plicato-costata showed considerable amounts of monoterpenes: among them, α-pinene was the most abundant (13.2 and 20.9%). In all analyzed samples, bicyclic sesquiterpenes were present, particularly the selinene group (41%) in E. uniflora; another group of hydrocarbon and oxygenated sesquiterpenes, this time with the aromadendrene nucleus, was found in all samples in different amounts. The oils of E. rostrifolia and E. involucrata were found to be especially rich in sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (77.7% and 84.4%), with considerable amounts of viridiflorene (>30%); β-caryophyllene and its oxide are the main components of the essential oil of E. schuechiana and E. plicato-costata (31.9% and 26.9%), while E. uniflora and E. tinguyensis were characterized by ...

Aromatic plants of tropical central Africa. XVI. Studies on essential oils of five Eucalyptus species grown in Burundi.

ABSTRACT The essential oils isolated from the leaves of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn., E. grandis W. Hill ex Maiden., E. citriodora Hook., E. globulus Labill. and E. maidenii F. Muell. by hydrodistillation were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Based on their yield and composition, the oils of E. camaldulensis and E. grandis are considered as unacceptable for commercial essential oil production, while E. citriodora could be an interesting source of citronellol. The oils of E. maidenii and E. globulus are potential sources of 1,8-cineole but they need redistillation to boost their 1,8-cineole contents.

Aromatic Plants of French Polynesia. I. Constituents of the Essential Oils of Rhizomes of Three Zingiberaceae: Zingiber zerumbet Smith, Hedychium coronarium Koenig and Etlingera cevuga Smith

ABSTRACT The essential oils from the rhizomes of Zingiber zerumbet, Hedychium coronarium and Etlingera cevuga from Tahiti Island were studied by capillary GC and GC/MS. The oil of Z. zerumbet was found to be rich in oxygenated derivatives of α-humulene, in particular zerumbone (65.3%), while H. coronium oil contained β-pinene (24.8%) and 1, 8-cineole (40.2%) as major constituents. The oil of E. cevuga possessed a characteristic chemical composition where methyl eugenol (47.4%) and (Z)- and (E)-methyl isoeugenol (18.8%) together accounted for more than 60% of the oil.

Volatile Components of Annona muricata L.

ABSTRACT GC/MS analysis of the leaf, peel and fruit pulp oils of Annona muricata L. showed the presence of 68 compounds of which 59 were identified. The main components of the leaf oil were β-caryophyllene (31.4%) and other sesquiterpenes, while the fruit oil contained essentially aliphatic acids and esters, in particular, methyl (E)-2-hexenoate (39.8%).

Aromatic plants of tropical Central Africa. Part XXXI. Tricyclic sesquiterpenes from the root essential oil of Echinops giganteus var. lelyi C. D. Adams

The essential oil from the roots of Echinops giganteus var. lelyi C. D. Adams from Cameroon was investigated by GC, GC-MS and NMR spectroscopy. The oil contains exclusively sesquiterpenes, two-thirds of which are hydrocarbons. Eighteen components, representing 83% of the oil, could be identified; 14 of them (80%) are tricyclic sesquiterpenes with presilphiperfolane, silphiperfolane, isocomane and modhephane skeletons. The main constituent is silphiperfol-6-ene (26.9%), accompanied by presilphiperfol-7(8)-ene (9.4%) which is found for the first time as a natural product. Only one of the four silphiperfolan-6-ol stereoisomers I-IV detected has been described previously. All constituents identified seem to be generated by the same biogenetic pathway.

Essential oils from five southern Brazilian species of Myrcia (Myrtaceae)

Abstract Essential oils from fresh leaves of five Myrcia species collected in the southern region of Brazil were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Seventy compounds representing 87.5% to 97.0% of the oils were identified. Two samples comprised mainly of monoterpenes with linalool being the most abundant compound in M. acuminatissima oil (22.3%), whereas α- and β-pinenes represented 36.3% of M. bombycina oil. The three other oil samples were found to be rich in sesquiterpenes. The oil of M. fallax contained a high percentage of α-bisabolol (83.8%), while M. glabra oil was characterized by the presence of selinenes (15.2%) and valerianol (13.2%). Finally, the oil of M. multiflora was found to be the most complex with germacrene D (8.7%) and β-caryophyllene (7.5%) being the two major constituents.

Aromatic Plants of Tropical Central Africa. VIII. Individual Selection of Eucalyptus for Essential Oil Production in the Congo

ABSTRACT The chemical composition of the essential oil of Eucalyptus urophylla S. T. Blake, E. grandis Hill ex Maiden and a hybrid between the two species was examined by GC/MS. Although 43 compounds were characterized in the oil, three types of E. urophylla oil and three types of E. grandis oil were identified. The hybrid oil was found to be an intermediate between the 1, 8-cineole-rich E. urophylla and the p-cymene/α-pinene-rich E. grandis based on the occurrence of characteristic components of both species.

Aromatic Plants of Tropical Central Africa. XXVIII. Influence of cultural treatment and harvest time on vetiver oil quality in Burundi

Abstract Vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides (Stapf.) is grown in Burundi for its anti-erosive properties. A study to determine the effects of organic manure or a combination of organic manure and NPK fertilizer was performed. Criteria such as root yield, effect on harvest time, oil yield, oil quality and composition were examined. It was found that soil treatments increased the root yield from 1,500 kg/ha to ca 2,400 kg/ha, while harvest time effected oil quality and yield. Also the khusimol content ranged from 19-4-29.5%, and some oils were judged as having superior quality.