G. R. Burbidge

A revised and updated catalog of quasi-stellar objects

The paper contains a catalog of all known quasi-stellar objects (QSOs) with measured emission redshifts, and BL Lac objects, complete to 1992 December 31. The catalog contains 7315 objects, nearly all QSOs including about 90 BL Lac objects. The catalog and references contain extensive information on names, positions, magnitudes, colors, emission-line redshifts, absorption, variability, polarization, and X-ray, radio, and infrared data. A key in the form of subsidiary tables enables the reader to relate the name of a given object to its coordinate name, which is used throughout the compilation. Plots of the Hubble diagram, the apparent magnitude distribution, the emission redshift distribution, and the distribution of the QSOs on the sky are also given.

ON RELATIVISTIC ASTROPHYSICS

Catastrophic implosion analysis in stars with masses greater than critical mass in which general relativity becomes dominant

A quasi-steady state cosmological model with creation of matter

A universe is envisioned in which there was a major creation episode when the mean universal density was about 10 to the -27 g/cu cm. Explicit equations are given for the creation of matter; in a cosmological approximation, these equations lead to expressions for the time-dependence of the cosmological scale factor S(t), but do not entail, as big bang cosmology does, that S(t) tend to zero at some finite time t. The equations therefore possess a universality that is absent from big bang cosmology. Creation occurs when certain conservation equations involving the gradient of a scalar field C(i) are satisfied.

An optical catalog of quasi-stellar objects

The paper contains a catalog of all known quasi-stellar objects with measured emission redshifts, and BL Lac objects, complete to September 1986. The catalog contains 3681 objects, comprising 3594 QSOs and 87 BL Lac objects. The catalog and references contain extensive information on names, positions, magnitudes, colors, emission-line redshifts, absorption, variability, polarization, and X-ray, radio, and infrared data. A key in the form of subsidiary tables enables the reader to relate the name of a given object to its coordinate name, which is used throughout the compilation. Plots of the distribution on the sky, the Hubble diagram, the apparent magnitude distribution, and the emission redshift distribution are also given. 1775 references.

ESTIMATES OF THE TOTAL ENERGY IN PARTICLES AND MAGNETIC FIELD IN THE NON- THERMAL RADIO SOURCES

A summary of the estimates (made in 1958) of the total energy in particles and magnetic field in the non-thermal galactic and extragalactic sources are given. These estimates are obtained from calculations by the theory- of synchrotron radiation. (C.J.G.)

Physics of compact nonthermal sources. III - Energetic considerations

The energy content of the compact incoherent electron-synchrotron sources 3C 84, 3C 120, 3C 273, 3C 279, 3C 454.3, CTA 102, 3C 446, PKS 2134+004, VRO 42.22.01 and OJ 287 is calculated on the assumption that the low-frequency turnovers in the radio spectrum are due to self-absorption and that the electron distribution is isotropic. The dependence of the source parameters on various modifications of the standard assumptions is determined. These involve relativistic motions, alternate explanations for the low-frequency turnover, proton-synchrotron radiation, and distance to the source. The canonical interpretation is found to be accurate in many respects; some of the difficulties and ways of dealing with them are discussed in detail.

On the nature of the quasi-stellar objects.

Quasar properties from cosmological nature, discussing red shift, luminosity, radiation intensity, absorption features, distribution, chemical composition, etc

Inhomogeneities in the microwave background radiation interpreted within the framework of the quasi-steady state cosmology

We calculate the expected angular power spectrum of the temperature fluctuations in the microwave background radiation (MBR) generated in the quasi-steady state cosmology (QSSC). The paper begins with a brief description of how the background is produced and thermalized in the QSSC. We then discuss within the framework of a simple model the likely sources of fluctuations in the background due to astrophysical and cosmological causes. Power spectrum peaks at l ≈ 6-10, 180-220, and 600-900 are shown to be respectively related in this cosmology to curvature effects at the last minimum of the scale factor, clusters, and groups of galaxies. The effect of clusters is shown to be related to their distribution in space as indicated by a toy model of structure formation in the QSSC. We derive and parameterize the angular power spectrum using six parameters related to the sources of temperature fluctuations at three characteristic scales. We are able to obtain a satisfactory fit to the observational band power estimates of the MBR temperature fluctuation spectrum. Moreover, the values of the best-fit parameters are consistent with the range of expected values.

Apparent associations between bright galaxies and quasi-stellar objects.

A comparison of the spatial distribution of the 47 identified QSOs in the 3C and 3CR catalogs with the small-redshift galaxies contained in the Reference Catalog of Bright Galaxies shows that four QSOs with redshift in the range 0.5-1.4 are much closer to bright galaxies than would be expected if the 47 QSOs were distributed randomly. An extensive analysis of the distributions shows that the probability that this is a chance occurrence is less than 0.005. It is also shows that the radio-quiet QSO PHL 1226 lies very close to IC 1746 to which it appears to have a physical connection.

Extragalactic Cosmic Rays

In these lectures I shall largely be concerned with the view that the bulk of the primary cosmic rays is of extragalactic origin. In order to set the stage for these ideas, a survey of the components of the extragalactic universe will be given. Then much of the discussion will centre about the various types of extragalactic non-thermal sources.