Gabriel G. Carlo

Quantum Ratchets in Dissipative Chaotic Systems

Using the method of quantum trajectories, we study a quantum chaotic dissipative ratchet appearing for particles in a pulsed asymmetric potential in the presence of a dissipative environment. The system is characterized by directed transport emerging from a quantum strange attractor. This model exhibits, in the limit of small effective Planck constant, a transition from quantum to classical behavior, in agreement with the correspondence principle. We also discuss parameter values suitable for the implementation of the quantum ratchet effect with cold atoms in optical lattices.

Entanglement across a transition to quantum chaos

We study the relation between entanglement and quantum chaos in one- and two-dimensional spin-1/2 lattice models, which exhibit mixing of the noninteracting eigenfunctions and transition from integrability to quantum chaos. Contrary to what occurs in a quantum phase transition, the onset of quantum chaos is not a property of the ground state but takes place for any typical many-spin quantum state. We study bipartite and pairwise entanglement measures--namely, the reduced von Neumann entropy and the concurrence--and discuss quantum entanglement sharing. Our results suggest that the behavior of the entanglement is related to the mixing of the eigenfunctions rather than to the transition to chaos.

Teleportation in a noisy environment: A quantum trajectories approach

We study the fidelity of quantum teleportation for the situation in which quantum logic gates are used to provide the long distance entanglement required in the protocol, and where the effect of a noisy environment is modeled by means of a generalized amplitude damping channel. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of the quantum trajectories approach, which allows the simulation of open systems with a large number of qubits (up to 24). This shows that the method is suitable for modeling quantum information protocols in realistic environments.

Distribution of resonances in the quantum open baker map.

We study relevant features of the spectrum of the quantum open baker map. The opening consists of a cut along the momentum p direction of the 2-torus phase space, modeling an open chaotic cavity. We study briefly the classical forward trapped set and analyze the corresponding quantum nonunitary evolution operator. The distribution of eigenvalues depends strongly on the location of the escape region with respect to the central discontinuity of this map. This introduces new ingredients to the association among the classical escape and quantum decay rates. Finally, we could verify that the validity of the fractal Weyl law holds in all cases.

Semiclassical construction of resonances with hyperbolic structure: the scar function

The formalism of resonances in quantum chaos is improved by using conveniently defined creation-annihilation operators. With these operators at hand, we are able to construct transverse excited resonances at a given Bohr-quantized energy. Then, by requiring minimum energy dispersion we obtain solutions in terms of even or odd transverse excitations. These wavefunctions, which are constructed in the vicinity of a periodic orbit with maximum energy localization, provide a precise definition of a scar function. These scar functions acquire, in the semiclassical limit, the hyperbolic structure characteristic of unstable periodic orbits.

Chaotic ratchet dynamics with cold atoms in a pair of pulsed optical lattices

SUMMARY We present a very simple model for realizing directed transport with cold atoms in a pair of periodically flashed optical lattices. The origin of this ratchet effect is explained and its robustness demonstrated under imperfections typical of cold atom experiments. We conclude that our model offers a clear-cut way to implement directed transport in an atom optical experiment.

Localization of Resonance Eigenfunctions on Quantum Repellers

We introduce a new phase space representation for open quantum systems. This is a very powerful tool to help advance in the study of the morphology of their eigenstates. We apply it to two different versions of a paradigmatic model, the baker map. This allows us to show that the long-lived resonances are strongly scarred along the shortest periodic orbits that belong to the classical repeller. Moreover, the shape of the short-lived eigenstates is also analyzed. Finally, we apply an antiunitary symmetry measure to the resonances that allows us to quantify their localization on the repeller.

Semiclassical quantization with short periodic orbits

We apply a recently developed semiclassical theory of short periodic orbits to the stadium billiard. We give explicit expressions for the resonances of periodic orbits and for the application of the semiclassical Hamiltonian operator to them. Then, by using the three shortest periodic orbits and two more living in the bouncing-ball region, we obtain the first 25 odd-odd eigenfunctions with surprising accuracy.

Quantum isoperiodic stable structures and directed transport.

It has been recently found that the so-called isoperiodic stable structures (ISSs) have a fundamental role in the classical current behavior of dissipative ratchets [Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 234101 (2011).]. Here I analyze their quantum counterparts, the quantum ISSs (QISSs), which have a fundamental role in the quantum current behavior. QISSs have the simple attractor shape of those ISSs which settle down in short times. However, in the majority of the cases they are strongly different from the ISSs, looking approximately the same as the quantum chaotic attractors that are at their vicinity in parameter space. By adding thermal fluctuations of the size of ħ(eff) to the ISSs I am able to obtain very good approximations to the QISSs. I conjecture that in general, quantum chaotic attractors could be well approximated by means of just the classical information of a neighboring ISS plus thermal fluctuations. I expect to find this behavior in quantum dissipative systems in general.

Scar functions in the Bunimovich stadium billiard

In the context of the semiclassical theory of short periodic orbits, scar functions play a crucial role. These wavefunctions live in the neighbourhood of the trajectories, resembling the hyperbolic structure of the phase space in their immediate vicinity. This property makes them extremely suitable for investigating chaotic eigenfunctions. On the other hand, for all practical purposes reductions to Poincare sections become essential. Here we give a detailed explanation of resonance and scar function construction in the Bunimovich stadium billiard and the corresponding reduction to the boundary. Moreover, we develop a method that takes into account the departure of the unstable and stable manifolds from the linear regime. This new feature extends the validity of the expressions.