Gabriela Mendizábal Bermúdez

ARTÍCULO 26. NORMAS DE APLICACIÓN

The financial crisis that hit the global market in the middle of 2008 gave way to the sharpest contraction of the European economies sinc e the Great Depression, a crisis that has resulted in widespread job losses and social ha rds ip. Unemployment, especially youth and long term unemployment, is destructively high, and a growing numbers of workers are found among the working poor, and an ev olving awareness of inequality has galvanised policy debates across the globe and Portugal is no exception to this situation. A growing cohort of workers, especially among the young and old, is shouldering the flexibility that employers demand, leading to growing job insecurity and a greater inability of workers to manage their wo king hours and ensure a decent income. In this paper we highlight that policies promoting employment and equality and nondiscrimination must focus on the groups of employee s with the most severe problems in the labour market. One of these groups, among other s, are young people and older ones, since the risks of long-term social exclusion has s trongly increased in Europe for them. Secure jobs, which were once the norm for previous generations in Portugal, have become less easily accessible for today’s youth. At the same time, informal employment among young people remains pervasive and transition t decent work are slow and difficult. With this paper we try to dedicate special attentio n this disadvantage group, because we think that it is both a social emergency and an economic necessity. It is also of core importance to develop Active Lab our Market Policy who has the aim to transfer the use of passive support to active he lp for integration of people in the labour market, like the Youth Guarantee programme t hat Portugal established. The role of the social partners and social dialogue is also critical in this context, as they have a significant part to play in shaping and impr oving working conditions.

Análisis de la dignidad del trabajador en el contexto de la globalización. el ejemplo de México

The job and the rules that regulate it have been changed through the history being due adapt to the development needs of society. Thus, we found the arise of the laboral regulation was marked by safeguard of the worker´s dignity, materialized by the working conditions and the social security. Nowadays there exist new forms of jobs like: telework, the outsourcing, temporary work, etc., that while are necessaries for the economic development of society, they are not been protecting the conditions under which perform the job, neither the worker ´s dignity. That’s why in this article we analyze the dignity from the history and legal perspective to contextualize and define the worker´s dignity from the perspective of the legal instruments of the ILO and the main courts in Human Rights, and finally we present some sub topics which allow contextualize the lack of protection of worker´s dignity in the current development of the job, such as: the new forms of labor recruitment, the violation of privacy of workers, lack of social insurance and workplace violence

La “capacidad de percepción” de los adultos mayores en la defensa de sus derechos fundamentales

Se parte del postulado basico reconocido por la legislacion, la doctrina y la jurisprudencia internacional de que si bien los adultos mayores tienen las mismas prerrogativas que cualquier adulto, tambien lo es que su capacidad psiquica, social, emocional y fisica esta disminuida, por lo que el sistema juridico debe tratarlos en forma especifica para lograr la efectividad de sus derechos fundamentales. La propuesta es que el propio sistema juridico reconozca diferentes categorias de adultos mayores y que, en consecuencia, el regimen juridico para cada categoria sea especifico. Se sugiere que esa distincion parta de aceptar el concepto: capacidad de percepcion. Concepto que puede incorporarse en la normativa de forma objetiva, subjetiva o mixta. La primera pretenderia separar a los adultos mayores simplemente de acuerdo a su edad (como actualmente lo reconoce la legislacion de muchos paises); la segunda, por el contrario, los distinguiria conforme a criterios de apreciacion sobre esa “capacidad de percepcion” y la tercera, postula una diferenciacion utilizando una combinacion matizada de las dos posturas anteriores.

Discrimina la seguridad social a las mujeres

En Mexico, el conjunto de prestaciones que otorga la seguridad social a traves de diversos seguros sociales se destina en general a su nucleo derechohabiente, sin distincion de su sexo —salvo algunas prestaciones que por su propia naturaleza asi lo requieren, como las de maternidad—; sin embargo, la presente investigacion pretende demostrar, lejos de un enfoque feminista, mediante el simple analisis de los requisitos, montos y calculos de las prestaciones por maternidad, viudez, retiro, cesantia en edad avanzada y vejez principalmente, que a pesar de que la seguridad social tiene la obligacion —como rama del derecho social— de redistribuir las cargas sociales, principalmente entre los generos, no cumple su cometido en la practica y que, ademas, el sistema privatizado de pensiones rompe, entre otras cosas, con la solidaridad entre ellos.