Gabriele Rodrigues Bastilha

SÍNDROME DE TENSÃO MUSCULOESQUELÉTICA, MUSCULATURA LARÍNGEA EXTRÍNSECA E POSTURA CORPORAL: CONSIDERAÇÕES TEÓRICAS

The theme of this study is the musculoskeletal stress syndrome, extrinsic laryngeal muscles and body posture. The purpose is to describe, from the literature review, the characteristics of the extrinsic muscles of the larynx; posture; vocal implications of musculoskeletal stress syndrome; evaluation and physical therapy and voice therapy. We performed a literature review of the last 13 years which included articles aimed and/or body textwere in line with the objectives of this study. The research was conducted in the databases of Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciencias da Saude, Biblioteca Regional de Medicina, Public Medline, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System on Line, Scientific Electronic Library Online and Google Schoolar. Were established important relationships within the physical therapy and voice therapy, among which stand out the relationships muscular, postural and functional synergy in the vocal apparatus. In physical therapy to reduce muscle tension, the literature indicates use of transcutaneous electrical stimulation, low level laser, laser acupuncture, cryotherapy, manual therapy and traction, massage, cervical manipulations and mobilizations, associated or not to exercise, stretching, isometric relaxation , assisted soft tissue mobilization, therapeutic exercises aimed at correcting balance and muscle, diaphragm and respiratory rehabilitation therapy craniocervical flexion. In speech therapy, studies found only through digital manipulation of the larynx and semi-ocluded vocal tract exercises.

Influência do sexo, idade, profissão e diagnóstico fonoaudiológico na qualidade de vida em voz

OBJETIVO: investigar e correlacionar as respostas aos questionarios de Qualidade de Vida em Voz e Indice de Desvantagem Vocal, conforme idade, sexo, uso profissional ou nao da voz e diagnostico fonoaudiologico. METODOS: analise das respostas aos questionarios Qualidade de Vida em Voz e Indice de Desvantagem Vocal dos registros de 48 sujeitos, sendo 41 mulheres e sete homens; com idades entre 18 e 63 anos; seis profissionais da voz e 42 nao profissionais; 39 sujeitos com disfonia funcional, seis com disfonia orgânica e tres com disfonia organofuncional. Teste Qui-quadrado e coeficiente de correlacao de Spearman (p=0,05). RESULTADOS: quanto ao questionario de Qualidade de Vida em Voz, houve associacao significante entre sexo e escore emocional; faixa etaria e escore emocional; profissao e escore total, emocional e fisico. Quanto ao Indice de Desvantagem Vocal, houve associacao significante entre sexo e escore emocional; faixa etaria e escore fisico e emocional; diagnostico fonoaudiologico e escore emocional; profissao e escore funcional. Houve correlacao positiva entre os aspectos de cada protocolo separadamente e correlacao negativa entre as pontuacoes dos questionarios. CONCLUSAO: no grupo estudado, verificou-se maior qualidade de vida no sexo feminino; decrescimo da qualidade de vida e aumento da desvantagem vocal com o aumento da idade; a presenca de disfonia organofuncional gerou maior desvantagem vocal; os profissionais da voz apresentaram pior qualidade de vida e maior desvantagem vocal. Os protocolos utilizados mostraram resultados complementares e uteis para mensurar o impacto de uma disfonia na qualidade de vida dos sujeitos.

Aquecimento e desaquecimento vocais: revisão sistemática

Esta revisao da literatura levantou publicacoes cientificas nacionais e internacionais sobre aquecimento e desaquecimento vocais da voz falada, por meio das bases de dados Lilacs, MedLine e Scielo, com o objetivo de identificar e descrever os parâmetros metodologicos e os efeitos das propostas de aquecimento e desaquecimento vocal descritas na literatura nacional e internacional. Foi realizada a localizacao e selecao dos estudos por meio de levantamento de textos publicados sobre o assunto no periodo de 1999 a 2013. Foram incluidos artigos originais de pesquisa; publicados na lingua portuguesa ou inglesa; que pesquisaram aquecimento e desaquecimento vocal; associados ou nao. O tempo de execucao recomendado para o aquecimento variou de 15 a 30min ou tres series de 15 repeticoes, e para o desaquecimento foi de 5 a 15min. Os exercicios mais utilizados para o aquecimento foram sons fricativos sonoros e vibrantes de lingua ou de labios, em escalas ascendentes, e para o desaquecimento vocal foram sons nasais, fricativos sonoros e vibrantes de lingua e ou de labios, em escalas descendentes. Os exercicios mostraram mudancas vocais positivas, observadas por meio de medidas vocais acusticas e perceptivoauditivas, de autoavaliacao e aerodinâmicas relacionadas a fonacao. Houve unanimidade quanto a importância da realizacao do aquecimento e desaquecimento vocais para profissionais da voz e aos resultados positivos apos a realizacao dos procedimentos. Nao foi encontrada concordância quanto ao tempo de execucao e os exercicios utilizados.

Utilização de protocolos de qualidade de vida em disfagia: revisão de literatura

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar os protocolos existentes sobre qualidade de vida (QV) em disfagia e verificar a utilizacao dos mesmos no tratamento fonoaudiologico. Realizou-se pesquisa teorica e exploratoria com a tecnica de revisao da literatura nas bases de dados SCOPUS, Trip Database, LILACS, PubMed, SciELO, Google Schoolar, periodicos Capes e MedLine. O periodo de busca compreendeu os anos entre 2004 e 2014 e foram utilizados os seguintes descritores: degluticao; transtornos da degluticao; qualidade de vida; questionarios e os seus respectivos termos em ingles deglutition; deglutition disorders; quality of Life; questionnaires. Foram encontrados na literatura o protocolo Quality of life in Swallowing Disorders-SWAL-QOL, o qual estabelece o comprometimento da degluticao independente da etiologia; o MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory, que e especifico para sujeitos submetidos a tratamento de câncer de cabeca e pescoco e o Dysphagia Handicap Index,que avalia os efeitos da disfagia sobre a qualidade de vida (QV) em sujeitos com diferentes patologias de base e pode ser utilizado em niveis mais baixos de escolaridade. A literatura propoe diferentes protocolos que avaliam a QV em disfagia, sendo que os mais utilizados avaliam a QV de forma geral, relacionada ao câncer de cabeca e pescoco e de sujeitos com diferentes diagnosticos medicos. A utilizacao desses protocolos pode auxiliar e complementar a avaliacao clinica e objetiva da degluticao, uma vez que, retratam a autoavaliacao referida pelo sujeito, sendo este ponto de vista de extrema importância para o tratamento fonoaudiologico.

Qualidade de vida em voz, avaliação perceptivoauditiva e análise acústica da voz de professoras com queixas vocais

Purpose: Correlating the Voice-Related Quality of Life (VRQOL), perceptual-auditory and acoustic assessment of teachers with vocal complaints. Methods: The study included 74 teachers aged between 20 and 62 years (mean 38.75 years). Self-assessment of VRQOL, voice perceptual-auditory assessment, acoustic voice analysis of glottal and spectrographic source, in narrowband (NB) and wideband (WB) and relevant statistical analysis were carried out. Results: There was a negative correlation between VRQOL and fundamental frequency (f0), maximum f0 and standard deviation of f0; roughness and amplitude variation. There was a positive correlation between VRQOL and darkening of the tracing around the vocal spectrogram, definition and number of harmo nics in NB; overall degree of vocal and soft phonation index, presence of noise at high frequencies in the WB; overall degree of vocal disorders, darkening the 1st formant and higher definition of the 2nd formant in WB; breathiness and percentage jitter, absolute jitter, relative average of perturbation, smoothed pitch perturbation quotient, pitch perturbation quotient, soft phonation index, presence of noise at high frequencies in WB, replacement of harmonics by noise at high frequencies and all spectrogram in NB. Conclusion: The lower the f0, the greater the darkening tracing spectrographic, definition and number of harmonics, the higher the VRQOL related to voice. The perceptual-auditory and acoustic analysis showed significant correlations for the presence of aperiodic energy and instability of vocal signal. The perceptual-auditory, acoustic and VRQOL assessments were complementary in vocal characterization of teachers.

Perceptual-Auditory and Acoustical Analysis of the Voices of Transgender Women

Voice is an important gender marker in the transition process as a transgender individual accepts a new gender identity. The objectives of this study were to describe and relate aspects of a perceptual-auditory analysis and the fundamental frequency (F0) of male-to-female (MtF) transsexual individuals. A case-control study was carried out with individuals aged 19-52 years who attended the Gender Identity Program of the Hospital de Clínicas of Porto Alegre. Vocal recordings from the MtF transgender and cisgender individuals (vowel /a:/ and six phrases of Consensus Auditory Perceptual Evaluation Voice [CAPE-V]) were edited and randomly coded before storage in a Dropbox folder. The voices (vowel /a:/) were analyzed by consensus on the same day by two judge speech therapists who had more than 10 years of experience in the voice area using the GRBASI perceptual-auditory vocal evaluation scale. Acoustic analysis of the voices was performed using the advanced Multi-Dimensional Voice Program software. The resonance focus and the degrees of masculinity and femininity for each voice recording were determined by listening to the CAPE-V phrases, for the same judges. There were significant differences between the groups regarding a greater frequency of subjects with F0 between 80 and 150u2009Hz (Pu2009=u20090.003), and a greater frequency of hypernasal resonant focus (Pu2009<u20090.001) in the MtF cases and greater frequency of subjects with absence of roughness (Pu2009=u20090.031) in the control group. The MtF group of individuals showed altered vertical resonant focus, more masculine voices, and lower fundamental frequencies. The control group showed a significant absence of roughness.

Perfil vocal, ocupacional e de saúde geral de docentes de Santa Maria/RS

Purpose: to characterize and relate the vocal, occupational and general health profile of elementary school teachers from Santa Maria/RS. Methods: observational analytical cross-sectional study of quantitative character. The sample consisted by 127 teachers (average age of 38.25 years-old) who responded to a questionnaire and underwent hearing screening, perceptual voice assessment and acoustic analysis.

Hidratação vocal em profissionais e futuros profissionais da voz

Purpose: to characterize and to relate the quantity and hydration status, the voice use time and the dryness of complaints of professionals and future voice professionals. Methods: cross-sectional study, non-experimental, retrospective and quantitative, using database. There were analyzed records of 105 subjects of both genders, professionals and / or students future voice professionals at the age between 19:0-42:6 years. There were used data about age, profession, gender, quantity and hydration status, voice use time and dryness of complaints. There were used: Hypothesis test for Proportion, Chi-Square test and Fisher’s exact test. Results: significant frequency of available water in the workplace and voice use less than eight hours. The intake of less than seven glasses of water daily was percentage higher than the intake of more than seven cups. There are significant associations between intake less water quantity and use the voice for less time and between having water at work and intake more than seven glasses of water every day. There was not significance in relation to dryness complaint. Conclusion: most of the voice professionals and future professionals used it for less than eight hours and had water available at work. Those who intake less than seven glasses of water daily a present daily time vocal use less than eight hours and those who drank more than seven cups of water a day had water available at work.

O paradigma conexionista aplicado às pesquisas em linguagem

The study deals with the Connectionist Theory and its branches, and how this theoretical model can contribute to the speech and language practice. This was aimed to collect and discuss several studies on the Connectionist Theory applied to language acquisition aiming at promoting the reflection on the contributions that this theory may bring out to speech and language therapy. It was found that the studies based on the connectionist theory related to speech and language therapy are prevalent in the area of language acquisition and language therapy, auditory and reading processing. However, they are scarce and little applied. Moreover, there is no direct relation between this theory and the techniques that can be used, but yes, with the analysis of therapeutic outcome, especially with the interpretation of how the process concerning learning the spoken and written language is carried out.