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Dive into the research topics where Gabriele Sachs is active.

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Featured researches published by Gabriele Sachs.


Schizophrenia Research | 2004

Facial recognition deficits and cognition in schizophrenia

Gabriele Sachs; Dorothea Steger-Wuchse; Ilse Kryspin-Exner; Ruben C. Gur; Heinz Katschnig

Previous investigations have found impaired recognition of facial affect and cognition in schizophrenia. We compared patients with schizophrenia and healthy control volunteers on computerized tasks of emotion recognition, to determine whether emotion processing deficits were correlated with neurocognitive performance. A Computerized Neuropsychological Test Battery (CNP) was administered to 40 patients (25 male, 15 female, mean age+/-S.D. 30.4+/-8.1) with schizophrenia (DSM-IV, 15 first episode and 25 chronically ill patients) treated with atypical neuroleptics and 43 healthy volunteers. A German version of the PENN Facial Discrimination, Differentiation and Memory Test, including happy, sad and neutral faces was used. Additionally, all patients were tested with a standard neuropsychological battery and rated for positive and negative symptoms. Patients with schizophrenia performed worse than control subjects on all emotion recognition tasks (p<0.01). We found higher error rates for discrimination of emotion in happy (p<0.02) and happy female faces (p<0.01), for differentiation of sad versus happy faces (p<0.001) and for facial memory (p<0.04). Poorer performance in emotion discrimination and facial memory correlated with severity of negative symptoms, abstraction-flexibility (p<0.001), verbal memory (p<0.01) and language processing (p<0.001). The study did not reveal a specific deficit for emotion recognition in schizophrenia. These findings lend support to the notion that difficulties in emotion recognition are associated in schizophrenia with key cognitive deficits.


Journal of Affective Disorders | 2004

Personality disorder and social anxiety predict delayed response in drug and behavioral treatment of panic disorder

P. Berger; Gabriele Sachs; Michaela Amering; Anita Holzinger; Bettina Bankier; Heinz Katschnig

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of pretreatment characteristics and personality disorders on the onset of response in the treatment of panic disorder. METHODS The data of 73 out-patients with panic disorder who had completed at least 6 weeks of a randomized trial of 24 weeks of either paroxetine only or paroxetine combined with cognitive group-therapy were analyzed in a Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS The likelihood of having responded to treatment (defined by a CGI rating of improvement) was more than twice as high for patients without a personality disorder or social phobia than for Patients with a personality disorder or social phobia. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that patients with these characteristics do benefit from prolonged treatment, and they may profit from an additional treatment focused on social anxiety.


Neuropsychobiology | 2003

Impaired Conditional Discrimination Learning in Social Phobia

Gabriele Sachs; Peter Anderer; Dagmar Doby; Bernd Saletu; Karl Dantendorfer

Eyelid conditional discrimination learning (ECDL) is a test of discriminative aversive conditioning. It places minimal demands on motivation and was shown to selectively test temporal lobe function. Twenty-five unmedicated social phobia (SP) patients (mean age 29.5 ± 7.0 years), diagnosed according to DSM-IV criteria, and 25 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HC, mean age 34.0 ± 8.6 years) were examined with an ECDL paradigm. In the experiment two differently colored stimuli are randomly presented. Only one of the stimuli (reinforced trial) is followed by an aversive airpuff to the cornea, as opposed to unreinforced trials not followed by an airpuff. Conditioned responses (CRs) consist of reflex eyelid closures already upon light presentation. HC as well as SP patients showed a significant difference between reinforced and unreinforced trials. In SP patients, CR frequency did not increase during the ECDL task, while HCs showed appropriate conditional discrimination ability. Thus the results indicate an impairment of adequate behavior modification in an aversive conditioning task in SP.


Archives of Womens Mental Health | 2002

Gender related disabilities in panic disorder

Gabriele Sachs; Michaela Amering; P. Berger; Heinz Katschnig

SummaryGender differences with regard to specific psychosocial factors were investigated in 100 outpatients with the diagnosis of panic disorder (DSM-IV) with and without agoraphobia (78% with agoraphobia). Patients were recruited for a randomized clinical trial of paroxetine alone versus paroxetine plus a specific form of group psychotherapy. Similar to previous results, no significant differences were found on measures of demographic data, symptomatology and comorbidity. However, psychosocial disabilities and interpersonal problems were associated with being female. Family function was more highly impaired in women than in men, and women had a higher rate of catastrophic thinking. Women differed from men in one interpersonal factor, namely being overly expressive.


Psychotherapeut | 2013

Mentalisierungsbasierte Psychotherapie bei schizophrenen Psychosen

Gabriele Sachs; Helga Felsberger

ZusammenfassungIn den letzten Jahren sind die psychotherapeutischen Interventionen bei schizophrenen Psychosen intensiv beforscht worden. Im Mittelpunkt stehen dabei auch Maßnahmen, die auf soziale Kognition, psychosoziales Funktionsniveau und Lebensqualität abzielen. Die mentalisierungsbasierte Psychotherapie (MBT) ist eine spezifische psychodynamische Methode, die auf dem Fundament der Bindungstheorie und der empirischen Psychotherapieforschung zur Behandlung von Patienten mit einer Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung entwickelt wurde. Sie legt einen besonderen Fokus auf die Förderung der Bindungsbeziehung, der Mentalisierungsfähigkeit und der Affektregulation. Studien haben gezeigt, dass MBT das Erleben des Patienten in interpersonalen Beziehungen und die Einbindung in das gesellschaftliche Leben verbessert. Jüngste neurowissenschaftliche Befunde bekräftigen diese Perspektive und ermutigen dazu, mentalisierungsbasierte Psychotherapie in modifizierter Form auch in der Psychosenbehandlung einzusetzen. Die Autoren legen hierzu ein Konzept vor, dessen störungsspezifische Interventionen sowohl psychoedukative Aspekte als auch einführende Übungen als Vorbereitung auf ein zunehmend reflektierendes Arbeiten in der mentalisierungsbasierten Gruppenpsychotherapie beinhalten.AbstractRecently, there has been growing interest in new methods of psychotherapeutic interventions for schizophrenic patients. Social cognition, social functioning and quality of life are central objectives. Mentalization-based therapy (MBT) is a specific psychodynamic method developed from the fundament of attachment theory and empirical psychotherapy research for the treatment of borderline personality disorder, particularly focusing on attachment relationships, mentalizing capacity and affect regulation. Studies have shown that MBT is able to ameliorate interpersonal experience and social life. The latest neuroscientific findings support this view and encourage the application of a modified form of MBT in the treatment of schizophrenic patients. The authors present a concept for disorder-specific interventions in schizophrenia, including psychoeducational aspects and mentalizing exercises which step-by-step lead to a more reflective work in mentalization-based group psychotherapy.


psychopraxis. neuropraxis | 2015

Kognition bei depressiven Störungen

Gabriele Sachs; Andreas Erfurth

ZusammenfassungDepressive Störungen gehören zu den häufigsten psychischen Erkrankungen mit einer hohen Rückfallrate und einem oft chronischen Verlauf. Kognitive Störungen treten im Rahmen einer Major Depression (MD) häufig auf. Das neue Diagnostische und Statistische Manual 5 (DSM-5) führt die Beeinträchtigung der Kognition (die verminderte Fähigkeit zu denken oder sich zu konzentrieren oder eine verringerte Entscheidungsfähigkeit an fast allen Tagen, entweder nach subjektivem Bericht oder von anderen beobachtet) als A-Kriterium für die Diagnose einer MD an. Die häufigsten kognitiven Beeinträchtigungen, die bei depressiven Patienten auftreten, sind Störungen in den exekutiven Funktionen, Informationsverarbeitungsstörungen, Beeinträchtigungen des Lernens und des Gedächtnisses, Konzentrationsstörungen und Aufmerksamkeitsstörungen. Die kognitiven Störungen beeinflussen die Alltagsaktivitäten und die Lebensqualität. Verbesserungen in den kognitiven Funktionen können durch Antidepressiva vermittelt werden, wohl vor allem von solchen mit multimodalem Wirkmechanismus. Es hat sich gezeigt, dass auch nicht-pharmakologische Behandlungsmöglichkeiten, wie kognitive Remediation zur Therapie kognitiver Störungen bei MD hilfreich sein können.AbstractMajor depressive disorders (MDD) are highly prevalent and recurring mental disorders associated with high rates of relapse and often with a chronic course. Cognitive impairment is one of the most frequent residual symptoms of MDD. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual 5 (DSM-5) includes cognitive deficits (diminished ability to think or concentrate or indecisiveness nearly every day, either by subjective account or as observed by others) as a grade A criterion for major depressive disorder. Patients with MDD exhibit persisting deficits in objective measures of executive function, information processing speed, learning and memory, attention and concentration. Cognitive impairment even in remitting phases of the disorder are highly correlated with poor functional outcome and quality of life, accounting for occupational and relational difficulties regardless of clinical improvement in core depressive symptoms. Empirical evidence has documented that antidepressants, specifically multimodal agents, can have an impact on cognitive deficits. Cognitive remediation can also be an important non-pharmacological therapeutic option to improve cognitive impairment in MDD.


psychopraxis. neuropraxis | 2015

Mischzustände, Mischbilder und die depressive Episode mit gemischten Merkmalen

Andreas Erfurth; Gabriele Sachs

ZusammenfassungDas DSM-5 hat für die „Major Depression“ eine neue Zusatzcodierung „mit gemischten Merkmalen“ geschaffen. Die Kriterien für diese gemischten Merkmale werden vorgestellt und diskutiert. Das DSM-5-Konzept für gemischte Merkmale wird den klassischen Definitionen der simultan-kontradiktorischen Mischzustände und der schnell wechselnden, unstabilen Mischbilder gegenübergestellt.AbstractDSM-5 has newly introduced a specifier for major depression “with mixed features”. The criteria for these mixed features are presented and discussed. The DSM-5 concept of mixed features is compared to the classical definitions of mixed states - a stable condition in which symptoms of both polarities are simultaneously present - and “mixed pictures”, that are characterized by the rapid and unstable cycling of contradictory affective symptoms.


psychopraxis. neuropraxis | 2014

Athanasios Koukopoulos (1931–2013)

Andreas Erfurth; Gabriele Sachs; Giulio Perugi; L. Tondo

ZusammenfassungMit Athanasios Koukopoulos ist im vergangenen Jahr einer der stimulierendsten und wissenschaftlich einflussreichsten Psychiater unserer Zeit verstorben. Die wichtigsten wissenschaftlichen Publikationen von Koukopoulos stammen zum Verlauf manisch-depressiver Erkrankungen sowie zur Lehre der affektiven Mischzustände. Seine vielleicht bedeutendsten Beiträge zur modernen Psychiatrie sind seine Untersuchungen zur Verwendung von Antidepressiva bei bipolaren Störungen.. Er konnte zeigen, dass Antidepressiva die günstigen Effekte von Lithium abschwächen, Manien auslösen können und zu einer Akzeleration der Zyklen sowie einem „rapid cycling“ führen können.AbstractWith the death of Athanasios Koukopoulos last year, psychiatry lost one of its most stimulating and scientifically influential representatives has been lost. His main scientific contributions are in the course of manic depressive illnesses and mixed affective states. Perhaps his most important contribution to modern psychiatry are his studies on the use of antidepressants in bipolar disorder. He was able to show that antidepressants attenuate the beneficial effects of lithium, can trigger mania, and can lead to cycle acceleration and rapid cycling.


psychopraxis. neuropraxis | 2017

Aggression und serotoninerge Dysfunktion

Andreas Erfurth; Gabriele Sachs

ZusammenfassungAggression und Autoaggression sind ein alltägliches Problem in der psychiatrischen Praxis. In den vergangenen Jahren konnten zahlreiche Befunde erhoben werden, die auf eine serotoninerge Dysfunktion bei Aggression hindeuten. Ausgehend von diesen neurochemischen Ergebnissen werden therapeutische Ansätze mit serotoninergen Pharmaka vorgestellt und diskutiert.AbstractAggressive and suicidal behavior are common problems in psychiatry. Serotoninergic dysfunction has often been observed in patients with aggressive behavior. Consecutively serotoninergic drugs have been used in the treatment of aggressive and suicidal behavior. Several serotoninergic treatment strategies are discussed in this manuscript.


Archive | 2010

Kombinierte Pharmako- und Psychotherapie

Gabriele Sachs; Heinz Katschnig

Fur eine Kombination von Psychopharmaka und Psychotherapie/psychosozialen Masnahmen in der Behandlung psychiatrischer Erkrankungen sprechen mehrere Grunde: Therapieresistenz: additive Behandlung, da Psychopharmaka of nicht ausreichend wirken Mangelnde Compliance: Durch Psychotherapie kann die Motivation zur Behandlung gefordert werden, verbessert Krankheitsbewaltigung, Krankheitseinstellung Wegen Nebenwirkungen kann of keine therapeutisch suffiziente Medikamentendosis verabreicht werden Psychotherapeutische Bearbeitung der psychosozialen Konsequenzen der psychiatrischen Erkrankung wie Defizite in Alltagsfertigkeiten, Behinderungen im familiaren und beruflichen Bereich sowie Freizeitbereich Stabilisierung des mit Psychopharmaka erreichten Therapieerfolges nach Absetzen der Medikation

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Michaela Amering

Medical University of Vienna

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Kenneth Thau

Medical University of Vienna

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