Gabriella Campadelli-Fiume

Glycoprotein D or J delivered in trans blocks apoptosis in SK-N-SH cells induced by a herpes simplex virus 1 mutant lacking intact genes expressing both glycoproteins.

ABSTRACT We have made two stocks of a herpes simplex virus 1 mutant lacking intact US5 and US6 open reading frames encoding glycoproteins J (gJ) and D (gD), respectively. The stock designated gD−/+, made in cells carrying US6 and expressing gD, was capable of productively infecting cells, whereas the stock designated gD−/−, made in cells lacking viral DNA sequences, was known to attach but not initiate infection. We report the following. (i) Both stocks of virus induced apoptosis in SK-N-SH cells. Thus, annexin V binding to cell surfaces was detected as early as 8 h after infection. (ii) US5 or US6 cloned into the baculovirus under the human cytomegalovirus immediate-early promoter was expressed in SK-N-SH cells and blocked apoptosis in cells infected with either gD−/+ or gD−/− virus, whereas glycoprotein B, infected cell protein 22, or the wild-type baculovirus did not block apoptosis. (iii) In SK-N-SH cells, internalized, partially degraded virus particles were detected at 30 min after exposure to gD−/− virus but not at later intervals. (iv) Concurrent infection of cells with baculoviruses did not alter the failure of gD−/− virus from expressing its genes or, conversely, the expression of viral genes by gD−/+ virus. These results underscore the capacity of herpes simplex virus to initiate the apoptotic cascade in the absence of de novo protein synthesis and indicate that both gD and gJ independently, and most likely at different stages in the reproductive cycle, play a key role in blocking the apoptotic cascade leading to cell death.

Alphaherpes viral genes and their functions

In this chapter the emphasis is on viral replication and on the viral gene products that define the outcome of the interaction of the alphaherpesviruses with their host. Viral replicative and host management functions account for some of the RNAs and a large number of proteins encoded by the viruses. There are, however, numerous viral gene products whose functions have not been identified or which do not play a prominent role in viral replication in the systems in which these have been tested. The objective of the table contained in this section is to summarize the functions of all known gene products and provide at least a few references for each product. It should be noted however that: of the three human alphaherpesviruses, we know more about the functions of herpes simplex virus-1 and -2 (HSV-1 and HSV -2) genes than about those of varicella zoster virus (VZV). We have identified in this table the VZV genes that are related to HSV by amino acid sequence homology. We note that partial sequence conservation does not necessarily mean that the homologous HSV and VZV gene products perform identical functions.

Human Herpesviruses: Index

Part I. Introduction Part II. Basic Virology and Viral Gene Effects on Host Cell Functions Part II. Basic Virology and Viral Gene Effects on Host Cell Functions Part II. Basic Virology and Viral Gene Effects on Host Cell Functions Part III. Pathogenesis, Clinical Disease, Host Response, and Epidemiology Part III. Pathogenesis, Clinical Disease, Host Response, and Epidemiology Part III. Pathogenesis, Clinical Disease, Host Response, and Epidemiology Part III. HHV- 6a, 6b and 7 Ann Arvin and Richard Whitley Part III. Pathogenesis, Clinical Disease, Host Response, and Epidemiology Part IV. Non-Human Primate Herpesviruses Ann Arvin, Patrick Moore and Richard Whitley Part V. Subversion of Adaptive Immunity Richard Whitley and Ann Arvin Part VI. Antiviral Therapy Richard Whitley Part VII. Vaccines and Immunotherapy Ann Arvin and Koichi Yamanishi Part VIII. Herpes as Therapeutic Agents Richard Whitley and Bernard Roizman.

Human Herpesviruses: List of contributors

Part I. Introduction Part II. Basic Virology and Viral Gene Effects on Host Cell Functions Part II. Basic Virology and Viral Gene Effects on Host Cell Functions Part II. Basic Virology and Viral Gene Effects on Host Cell Functions Part III. Pathogenesis, Clinical Disease, Host Response, and Epidemiology Part III. Pathogenesis, Clinical Disease, Host Response, and Epidemiology Part III. Pathogenesis, Clinical Disease, Host Response, and Epidemiology Part III. HHV- 6a, 6b and 7 Ann Arvin and Richard Whitley Part III. Pathogenesis, Clinical Disease, Host Response, and Epidemiology Part IV. Non-Human Primate Herpesviruses Ann Arvin, Patrick Moore and Richard Whitley Part V. Subversion of Adaptive Immunity Richard Whitley and Ann Arvin Part VI. Antiviral Therapy Richard Whitley Part VII. Vaccines and Immunotherapy Ann Arvin and Koichi Yamanishi Part VIII. Herpes as Therapeutic Agents Richard Whitley and Bernard Roizman.

Human Herpesviruses: Basic virology and viral gene effects on host cell functions: alphaherpesviruses

Part I. Introduction Part II. Basic Virology and Viral Gene Effects on Host Cell Functions Part II. Basic Virology and Viral Gene Effects on Host Cell Functions Part II. Basic Virology and Viral Gene Effects on Host Cell Functions Part III. Pathogenesis, Clinical Disease, Host Response, and Epidemiology Part III. Pathogenesis, Clinical Disease, Host Response, and Epidemiology Part III. Pathogenesis, Clinical Disease, Host Response, and Epidemiology Part III. HHV- 6a, 6b and 7 Ann Arvin and Richard Whitley Part III. Pathogenesis, Clinical Disease, Host Response, and Epidemiology Part IV. Non-Human Primate Herpesviruses Ann Arvin, Patrick Moore and Richard Whitley Part V. Subversion of Adaptive Immunity Richard Whitley and Ann Arvin Part VI. Antiviral Therapy Richard Whitley Part VII. Vaccines and Immunotherapy Ann Arvin and Koichi Yamanishi Part VIII. Herpes as Therapeutic Agents Richard Whitley and Bernard Roizman.