Gagoek Hardiman

Green Materials Comparison of Sawdust and Coconut Fiber Acoustical Waffle Panel

The natural wealth of Indonesia produces a wide range of natural resources. This research will discuss sawdust and coconut fiber for example from natural resources which can be processed into building materials. Various researches have studied the absorber made from sawdust and coconut fiber, but only a few studies that made the absorber material that had the texture of waffle on its surface. The research method used was the method comparisons of density, absorption coefficient and Sound Transmission Loss (STL). The result is that the waffle panel from sawdust has a higher density than the waffle panel made of coconut fiber. The STL of the coconut fiber panel has ranged between 46,134 – 51,312 dB. This value is lower than the STL material of sawdust that has a value between 47,301 – 62,688 STL. The absorption coefficient of coconut fiber panels is 0,432–0,511, while the absorption coefficient of sawdust panel has range of 0,469 – 0,529.

Structural, acoustic, and aesthetic performances of double layer wall made of oyster shell and polymer as green material in green construction

The aim of research was to introduce green material for construction project by using waste material made of oyster shell and polymer as a substitute material to reduce the use of cement. In this research, the use of cement was replaced by oyster shell powder and mortar that was injected with polyurethane to lighten the weight on the structure. The methods used to find out the structure performance was DOE method based on the standards of ASTM 109/C 109M - 08 as well as the modulus of elasticity test. Acoustic test was also conducted with the standard test based on ASTM E 2611-09 and ASTM E 413. The aesthetic approach was conducted by an establishment of a model that represented the concept of double layer in the wall of the building. The results of this study proved that poly-urethane injection on mortar could decrease the weight of mortar by 20%. The absorption coefficient of polymer concrete was 0.9 – 1.00 at the frequency of 1500 – 2500 Hz and the Sound Transmission Loss (STL) of material was above 51 dB. Innovation of double layer building materials can be enriched by additional materials, such as natural fiber composite and fiber reinforced polymer. Aesthetically, the double layer wall material made of shells and polymer have a positive prospect to be used as construction material and can be applied in the architectural sphere as an aesthetic component of building, such as wall panel, wall ornament, double skin facade, and acoustical wall treatment.The aim of research was to introduce green material for construction project by using waste material made of oyster shell and polymer as a substitute material to reduce the use of cement. In this research, the use of cement was replaced by oyster shell powder and mortar that was injected with polyurethane to lighten the weight on the structure. The methods used to find out the structure performance was DOE method based on the standards of ASTM 109/C 109M - 08 as well as the modulus of elasticity test. Acoustic test was also conducted with the standard test based on ASTM E 2611-09 and ASTM E 413. The aesthetic approach was conducted by an establishment of a model that represented the concept of double layer in the wall of the building. The results of this study proved that poly-urethane injection on mortar could decrease the weight of mortar by 20%. The absorption coefficient of polymer concrete was 0.9 – 1.00 at the frequency of 1500 – 2500 Hz and the Sound Transmission Loss (STL) of material was above 51...

Symbolic meanings in the architecture of Keraton Yogyakarta: a transformation study

Yogyakarta is one of provinces in Indonesia with special district status. The city planning use concept catur gatra tunggal (four element in unity) that covers palace, square, mosque, and market. As one of the top artifacts of Javanese culture, Keraton Yogyakarta which was established by Prince Mangkubumi in 1756 has experienced a transformation of function and appearance. To comprehend the embodied messages, it is substantial to interpret the meaning of the symbols existing in Keraton Yogyakarta. This study reviews the transformation of meaning taking place at Keraton Yogyakarta. This study applies the method of observation, examination, assessment to the object of study, interview with informants, and study of Javanese manuscripts: Serat Salokapatra. The result of this study indicates that there are some significant transformations of meaning in the architecture of Keraton Yogyakarta between the reign of HB I-HB VIII (1755-1939) and the reign of HB IX - HB X (1940 - 2018).

Thermal condition in Semarang Cathedral’s passive cooling system

Nowadays, passive cooling system is no longer the top priority among the design concept for public buildings in Indonesia. However, the passive cooling system once became an effective building technology to cope with tropical climate in the Dutch colonial era. Semarang City, Central Java, has an outstanding heritage building equipped with passive cooling system, named Semarang Cathedral Church. This church was also built in the Dutch East Indies era and inaugurated in 1940. Research was held in 5 (five) times of church service and 9 (nine) measuring points where low ventilation was opened and closed during church service. Dry bulb temperature, effective temperature, relative humidity, and air velocity, were measured. The purpose of this study was to examine the thermal condition of the building with only passive cooling system. Thermal measurement and site observation were carried out. The results of this study show that there is a significant change on thermal condition inside building as the effect of l...

The impacts of multiple lightshelves on natural lighting distribution and effective temperature at office rooms

Daylighting with light-shelf is not a simple strategy. Therefore, this research aims to investigate how far the application of light-shelf can block direct sunlight and how much the distribution of daylight at office rooms is produced. This research is a simulation using EnergyPlus from OpenStudio. Data as measurement results collected from on-site research were used as the validation base of the simulations both with multiple light shelves and without multiple light shelves. The building orientation is toward north east (azimuth 51°), and the result showed that using multiple light shelves on the building was able to distribute evenly the intensity of natural lighting into the rooms. On the edge of the windows, there has been change of the light intensity which was previously too bright (from 925 Lux at 5 p.m. for the lowest and 7200 Lux at 9 a.m. for the highest; to 460 Lux at 5 p.m. for the lowest and 1400 Lux at 12.00 p.m. for the highest). Besides, the use of multiple light shelves was also able to lower the room temperature particularly at rush hours starting from 9.00 a.m. to 3.00 p.m. where the biggest difference of the temperature occurred at 3.00 p.m. (between 29.1 °C and 28.4 °C in which the temperature decreased 0.7 °C). These aforementioned facts have given contribution to the efficiency of energy used in AC while the main benefit of this research is developing knowledge about daylighting in architectural design particularly in passive design method.

The effect of earthquake on architecture geometry with non-parallel system irregularity configuration

Indonesia is an area prone to earthquake that may cause casualties and damage to buildings. The fatalities or the injured are not largely caused by the earthquake, but by building collapse. The collapse of the building is resulted from the building behaviour against the earthquake, and it depends on many factors, such as architectural design, geometry configuration of structural elements in horizontal and vertical plans, earthquake zone, geographical location (distance to earthquake center), soil type, material quality, and construction quality. One of the geometry configurations that may lead to the collapse of the building is irregular configuration of non-parallel system. In accordance with FEMA-451B, irregular configuration in non-parallel system is defined to have existed if the vertical lateral force-retaining elements are neither parallel nor symmetric with main orthogonal axes of the earthquake-retaining axis system. Such configuration may lead to torque, diagonal translation and local damage to buildings. It does not mean that non-parallel irregular configuration should not be formed on architectural design; however the designer must know the consequence of earthquake behaviour against buildings with irregular configuration of non-parallel system. The present research has the objective to identify earthquake behaviour in architectural geometry with irregular configuration of non-parallel system. The present research was quantitative with simulation experimental method. It consisted of 5 models, where architectural data and model structure data were inputted and analyzed using the software SAP2000 in order to find out its performance, and ETAB2015 to determine the eccentricity occurred. The output of the software analysis was tabulated, graphed, compared and analyzed with relevant theories. For areas of strong earthquake zones, avoid designing buildings which wholly form irregular configuration of non-parallel system. If it is inevitable to design a building with building parts containing irregular configuration of non-parallel system, make it more rigid by forming a triangle module, and use the formula.A good collaboration is needed between architects and structural experts in creating earthquake architecture.

The Usability of the New Fish Auction Anchorage (PPI) in Tambak Lorok Semarang from Building Conditions and Environment Perspective

As a coastal city, Semarang has a number of potentials along the coastal area. One of them is the potential of fishermen for living to fulfill the daily needs of coastal societies. This study was set out from the phenomenon of the Tambak Lorok new PPI (Fish Auction Anchorage) in Tambak Rejo, Tanjung Mas, Semarang, that did not function since 2008, after being established in 2007. Thus, it was needed to investigate the factors causing inefficiency of this new PPI and the solutions for this problem that were described in this study.The investigation of factors causing the inefficiency of the new PPI was done through descriptive qualitative method in which the primary data were gathered through interviews with competent informants. Based on the interviews with the fishermen, fishmongers, and auctioneers, the inefficiency of the new PPI was caused by it’s the poor infrastructures. In addition, the access to the PPI in Tambak Rejo was far from the fishermen’s house in Tambak Mulyo. The poor infrastructure and the far access made the fishmongers spent extra money for transportation. Thus, they were reluctant to do auction in the new PPI.If we see from the government perspective as the stake holder, this phenomenon was indeed caused by the poor road condition to the new PPI and also the far access for the auction doers. However, there was another factor causing this phenomenon that was the planning for repairing the damaged roads to the new PPI that had not been realized yet. Moreover, the feasibility study also less concerned to the regulatory aspects such as the directly facing the sea location of the PPI. It made the high sedimentation of the fish auction placedock pond and made the big and strong waves still reached the docks of the PPI.After examining several factors causing the disfunction of the Tambak Lorok new PPI, it was expected that for planning the PPI, the factors causing the failure should be taken into account. The former building of the Tambak Lorok new PPI should be functioned for the public interests that could support social and economic activities, and the beauty of its surroundings.

The Role of Wind on Double Skin Facades in High Rise Office Building

There was an indication that high rise buildings in Jakarta was not designed based on energy conservation principles. The most important aspects of the high-rise buildings is energy saving technology located in the building envelope design. Building envelope with a full glass design functions for widening view and enhancing natural lights, even though but it is also increasing energy consumption and thermal discomfort due to the intensity of solar radiation in hot humid climates. During the current decade, the development of double building envelope type (Double Skin Façade: DSF) seemed more just to improve the aesthetics and the use of natural light, while the wind and thermal performance aspects were still lack of serious consideration. Those aspects will be chosen as the subject matter in this research. The research was aimed to investigate and compare the value of heat transfer in the building envelope of high-rise office buildings. Samples were taken from five DSF buildings, with closed and open cavity. CFD software is used for simulation of the five different models of DSF. The research proves that the high-rise office buildings as the research object in Jakarta do not apply energy conservation principle. The utilization of wind in the DSF cavity can reduce temperature and relieve the burden of air conditioning systems that is energy save. An important finding of the research is the need for ventilation in the design of a double skin at high-rise office buildings in the humid tropics.