Galina M. Eremina

Identification of nanosized defects using tribospectroscopy. Modeling by movable cellular automaton method

The work describes the application of the movable cellular automaton method for the simulation of typical situations of nano-scale crack identification in ceramic coatings by the spectral analysis of friction force continuously registered using a small counter-body moving over the coating surface. It is shown that the Fourier spectra of the friction force have peaks that correspond to the distance between the nanocracks oriented perpendicular and at some angle to the tested surface. The obtained results allow to conclude that the appearance of cracks on the Fourier spectra of friction force depends on their orientation. Thus, the distance between cracks, their orientation and sizes can be identified by the method of tribospectroscopy.

Study of the role of vortex displacement in contact loading of strengthening coatings based on movable cellular automaton modeling

Main attention of the research is focused on the role of vortex-like structures in the velocity fields of the strengthening coating and substrate under contact loading by hard conical indenter. The peculiarities of velocity vortex formation and propagation, as well as its interaction with structural elements are studied. One of possible application of the study is non-destructive technique for detecting nanoscale defects in surface layer of a material using frequency analysis of the friction force. Possibilities of this technique are studied based on 3D simulation.

Study of the influence of morphology and strength of interphase boundaries on the integral mechanical properties of NiCr-TiC composite

Sintered metal-ceramic materials are characterized by high mechanical and tribological properties. A key element of the internal structure of the metal-ceramic composites which have an important, and in many cases, a decisive influence on the integral mechanical properties of these materials is the interphase boundary. In this paper, based on numerical simulation we show the influence of morphology and strength properties of interfaces for integral mechanical properties of the dispersion-reinforced composite NiCr-TiC (50 : 50). Computer simulation results indicate that the phase boundary significantly contributes to the integral mechanical characteristics of a composite material and to the nature of the initiation and development of cracks.

Elastic vortex displacements as precursors of mechanical stress relaxation in heterogeneous materials

Deformation of heterogeneous material containing internal interfaces or/and free surfaces is accompanied by collective vortex motion near such boundaries. Nevertheless, such fundamental factor as elastic vortex motion in material formed during dynamic loading still remains out of the discussion. The aim of this paper is to reveal the role of vortex displacements in contact interaction of heterogeneous coatings with hard counter-body by means of 3D computer simulation using movable cellular automata. The research is mainly focused on the role of vortex structures in the velocity field in elastic and non-elastic deformation of the coating. The peculiarities of the velocity vortex formation and propagation, as well as interaction with the structural elements are studied.

Peculiarities of modeling of nanoindentation of coating-substrate system

In this paper we discuss some features that are important in modeling nanoindentation of strength coating deposited on metallic substrate. The modeling is performed by movable cellular automaton method, which is a representative of the discrete element methods in computational solid mechanics. Taking into account such factors as capability of the substrate material to harden, friction between the surface and the indenter as well as the presence of an intermediate layer between the coating and the substrate, it is shown that they can deeply affect the mechanical behavior of the system.

3D modeling of the mechanical behavior of ceramics with pores of different size

Movable cellular automaton method was used for simulating uniaxial compression of 3D porous ceramic samples. Pores were considered explicitly by removing randomly selected automata from the original FCC packing. Distribution of pores in space, their size and the total fraction were varied. It is shown that the relation between mechanical properties of the material and its porosity significantly depends on the pore size. Thus, value of the elastic modulus of the samples with large pores is greater than that of the samples with small pores by average value of 3%-16%. Strength value of the samples with large pores is less than that of the samples with small pores by average value of 12% up to the porosity of 0.55, and then becomes to be greater. When the samples contain small and large pores there is a maximum of mechanical properties at ratio of volumes of large and small pores of about 0.75.

Mechanical behavior of deformed intravascular NiTi stents differing in design. Numerical simulation

Self-expanding intravascular NiTi stents serve to recover the lumen of vessels suffered from atherosclerotic stenosis. During their manufacturing or functioning in blood vessels, the stents experience different strains and local stresses that may result in dangerous defects or fracture. Here, using the method of movable cellular automata, we analyze how the design of a stent influences its stress state during shaping to a desired diameter on a mandrel. We consider repeated segments of different stents under two loads: uniform diametric expansion of their crown and expansion with relative displacements. The simulation data agree well with experiments, revealing critical strain, stress, and their localization sites at the shaping stage, and provide the way toward optimum stent designs to minimize the critical stress during shaping.Self-expanding intravascular NiTi stents serve to recover the lumen of vessels suffered from atherosclerotic stenosis. During their manufacturing or functioning in blood vessels, the stents experience different strains and local stresses that may result in dangerous defects or fracture. Here, using the method of movable cellular automata, we analyze how the design of a stent influences its stress state during shaping to a desired diameter on a mandrel. We consider repeated segments of different stents under two loads: uniform diametric expansion of their crown and expansion with relative displacements. The simulation data agree well with experiments, revealing critical strain, stress, and their localization sites at the shaping stage, and provide the way toward optimum stent designs to minimize the critical stress during shaping.

Numerical study of the influence of the thickness and roughness of TiN coatings on their wear in scratch testing

One of the mostly used and complicated surgical operations on large human joints is total hip replacement. An endoprosthesis is chosen individually for each person on the basis of his anatomical features and physical activity. However, such an important factor affecting the durability of an endoprosthesis as wear in the head–acetabular cup friction pair is still poorly understood, and it is taken into account only qualitatively. The determining role in wear belongs to the structure of the surface layers and coatings of the friction pair. The mechanical and structural characteristics of the coating largely depend on the method of its application. In this paper, to study the tribological characteristics of the coating material of the friction pair, we use computer simulation of scratch testing. The simulations are performed with the application of the method of movable cellular automata. The model specimens correspond to real coatings manufactured under different treatment conditions (deposition temperature and time). The analysis of the simulation results allows one to choose the optimal regime corresponding to the maximum hardness of coatings or adhesive strength.One of the mostly used and complicated surgical operations on large human joints is total hip replacement. An endoprosthesis is chosen individually for each person on the basis of his anatomical features and physical activity. However, such an important factor affecting the durability of an endoprosthesis as wear in the head–acetabular cup friction pair is still poorly understood, and it is taken into account only qualitatively. The determining role in wear belongs to the structure of the surface layers and coatings of the friction pair. The mechanical and structural characteristics of the coating largely depend on the method of its application. In this paper, to study the tribological characteristics of the coating material of the friction pair, we use computer simulation of scratch testing. The simulations are performed with the application of the method of movable cellular automata. The model specimens correspond to real coatings manufactured under different treatment conditions (deposition temperature...

Possibilities of tribospectroscopy using two indenters for identifying defects in the surface layer

Currently, for the study of the topography of material surface with nanoscale roughness tribospectroscopy is used as a method based on the analysis of the forces acting between two loading indenters and the sample surface. Recently, it has been shown theoretically that it is possible to determine nanodefects in the surface layer based on the analysis of the frictional force during sliding of one indenter. In this article, based on computer simulation by the method of movable cellular automata, we investigated the possibility of the tribospectroscopic method to identify nanodefects in the surface layer using a system of two indenters. For this purpose, we compared Fourier spectra for the normal and tangential components of the forces of interaction of both indenters for the cases of a defect-free sample and a sample with nanoscale plane cracks perpendicular to the studied surface. The data obtained from the numerical simulation showed that the presence of the second indenter provides additional useful info...

On the nanocrack detection using tribospectroscopy

Tribospectroscopy is meant for the detection of nanoscopic cracks in surface layers by the spectral analysis of friction force continuously recorded using a small counterbody moving over the coating surface. The movable cellular automaton method is employed for three-dimensional modeling to estimate the efficiency of the tribospectroscopy method for detection of different depth defects. It is found that defects appear differently in Fourier spectra of friction force depending on their depth and orientation, which makes the method efficient for both parameters.