Ganesh Elango

Synthesis and characterization of palladium nanoparticles using Catharanthus roseus leaf extract and its application in the photo-catalytic degradation

The potential effect of Catharanthus roseus leaf extract for the formation of palladium nanoparticles and its application on dye degradation was discussed. The efficiency of C.roseus leaves are used as a bio-material for the first time as reducing agent. Synthesized palladium nanoparticles were supported by UV-vis spectrometry, XRD, FT-IR and TEM analysis. The secondary metabolites which are responsible for the formation of nanoparticles were identified by GC-MS. The results showed that effect of time was directly related to synthesized nanoparticles and functional groups has a critical role in reducing the metal ions and stabilizing the palladium nanoparticles in an eco-friendly process.

Biosynthetic trends and future aspects of bimetallic nanoparticles and its medicinal applications.

Recently, in all over the world, nanotechnology plays a major role in various applications. Most of the researchers focused their work on bimetallic nanoparticles due to their several modes or mechanisms of synthesis such as chemical, physical, and biosynthesis methods. These nanoparticles are of great interest due to their enormous applications and catalytic activities. Currently, syntheses of bimetallic nanoparticles using different sources of natural products are focused due to their advantage of being nontoxic to human and environment. To our knowledge, there is no report on the review of bimetallic nanoparticles and their medicinal applications. Taking this fact into account, we discussed the various synthesizing methods of bimetallic nanoparticles and their application related to biology.

Efficacy of SnO2 nanoparticles toward photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye

Maximum pollutants in the industrial and domestic waste water effluents from any sources include pathogens and organic chemicals, which can be removed before discharging into the water bodies. Methylene blue has been considered as one of the major water contaminated pollutants. Such pollutant is dominant in surface water and groundwater. It will cause irreversible hazards to human and aquatic life. Nanotechnology plays a major role in degrading such type of pollutant. In order to fulfill todays requirement, we have decided to handle the green synthesis of nanoparticles and its application by merging important fields like chemistry, environmental science, and biotechnology. Here our work emphasizes on the biological synthesis of SnO2 nanoparticles (SnO2 NPs) using the methanolic extract of Cyphomandra betacea (C.betacea), and it was confirmed by various characterization techniques such as UV-visible spectroscopy, FT-IR, XRD, SEM, particle size analyzer, zeta potential, and TEM. The obtained results stated that the synthesized SnO2 NPs were in rod shape with an average size of 21nm, which resulted in a product of nanobiotechnology. Further, we have utilized the environmental-friendly synthesized SnO2 NPs photocatalytic degradation of environmental concern methylene blue with first-order kinetics. In this paper, we have attempted to prove that secondary metabolite-entrapped SnO2 NPs are non-toxic to the environment.

Green synthesis of SnO2 nanoparticles and its photocatalytic activity of phenolsulfonphthalein dye

Tin oxide (SnO2) nanoparticles were prepared using Persia Americana seed methanolic extract by calcining stannous chloride precursors at 300-500°C by green synthesis method. Synthesized SnO2 NPs were confirmed via characterization techniques such as UV-visible spectroscopy (UV), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX). The results of characterization technique states that the synthesized nanoparticles were in the size of 4 nm and further we have undergone catalytic degradation of organic dye named phenolsulfonphthalein (phenol red). The result showed that SnO2 NPs shows much degradation activity by the catalytic action of long UV exactly at 365 nm.

Biotechnological aspects of ZnO nanoparticles: overview on synthesis and its applications

The physicochemical methods of the synthesis of zinc nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and some detailed studies on ZnO toxicity mechanism and biokinetics have been reported. However, some of these physical and chemical methods of synthesis are expensive and can also have toxic substances absorbed onto them. Hence, eco-friendly synthesis of nanoparticles due to their easier process, cheaper availability, and high stability is dominating new research. In particular, ZnO NPs which are now being synthesized through major biological systems involved in this are bacteria, fungi, and plant extracts; this has increased studies in various applications in the biological field. In this review, we have elaborated on various natural source-mediated syntheses of ZnO NPs and their role in various biological activities like antimicrobial, anticandidal, larvicidal, cytotoxic, and photocatalytic activities. Apart from these applications, ZnO NPs are also reported to help to prevent dust formation, for several years, on oil paintings.

Green synthesis, spectroscopic investigation and photocatalytic activity of lead nanoparticles

Most of researcher focused their research towards synthesize of nanoparticles by the method of applied chemical method which was one of the costliest method. We have focused cheapest and simplest method for the synthesizing of lead nanoparticles (Pb-NPs) using cocos nucifera L extract. The methanolic extract of cocos nucifera L was efficiently used as a reducing agent for synthesizing Pb-NPs. On treatment of lead acetate with cocos nucifera coir extracts, stable Pb-NPs were formed. The synthesized Pb-NPs were further confirmed by UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and Energy Dispersive (EDAX) analysis. The secondary metabolites present in methanolic extract which can mainly act as a reducing and capping agents for the formation of Pb-NPs were identified by GC-MS. Anti-microbial activity for Pb-NPs against four pathogenic strains such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escheria coli, Staphylococcus epidermis and Bacillus subtilis. Result states that Pb-NPs size was 47 nm and also shows good activity against S. aureus. Further we report on photocatalytic absorption of malachite green dye processed in short UV wavelength at 254 nm. UV spectral analysis showed peak absorbance at 613 nm with special reference to the excitation of surfaces plasmon vibration by Pb-NPs.

Bio-functionalized doped silver nanoparticles and its antimicrobial studies

In recent era researchers are mainly focused on silver (Ag) and silver doped nanoparticles due to its vast area of applications which are effectively acts against the microbial activity. Silver nanoparticles (AgNP’s) were one of the metal nanoparticles which have high activity against various diseases causing pathogens to safeguard the environment. However, there is increasing concern related to biological impacts by the use of silver doped nanoparticles on a large scale. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were doped with other chemical reagents by using various physio-chemical methods. The stability of silver nanoparticles was governed by morphological features, capping agents and organic molecules. This review article briefs about the synthesis of silver doped nanoparticles using different methods and their antimicrobial activity.

Spectroscopic investigation of biosynthesized nickel nanoparticles and its larvicidal, pesticidal activities

Methanolic extract of Cocos nucifera (C. nucifera) was collected using Soxhlet apparatus. C. nucifera methanolic extract was used to prepare Nickel nanoparticles (Ni NPs). Eco-friendly synthesized Ni NPs were confirmed by several analytical techniques such as UV-Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and Zeta potential. The obtained results infer that green synthesized Ni NPs are in cubical shape with an average particle size of 47nm. Synthesized Ni NPs were subjected to pesticidal activity against agricultural pest Callasobruchus maculates (C. maculates) which resulted in 97.31% mortality. These results were compared with commercially available standard Azadirachtin. Also we have studied larvicidal activity against Aedes ageypti (A. ageypti) larvae which resulted in LC 50 and LC 90 value of 259.24, 446.99ppm respectively and the result proved to be significant which were processed by ANOVA LSD Tukeys test.

Green chemical approach towards the synthesis of SnO2 NPs in argument with photocatalytic degradation of diazo dye and its kinetic studies

There are variety of effluents are dumped or directly discarded into atmosphere due to drastic industrialization which leads to damages in living organisms. To prevent many type of environmental defects our research group focused to synthesis material which degrades toxic substance like dyes with the help of ecofriendly synthesis. We have synthesized Tin oxide nanoparticles (SnO2 NPs) using aqueous extract of Catunaregam spinosa (C. spinosa) root barks. Bio-inspired synthesized SnO2 NPs were monitored by analytical characterization which inferred that SnO2 NPs resulted in shape of spherical, with size average of 47±2nm. Further bio-green synthesized SnO2 NPs were subjected to degrade toxic Congo red dye, which results in higher percentage of degradation with the K value of 0.9212 which obeys pseudo-first order reaction kinetics. This report said to be novel due to null report on SnO2 NPs synthesized from C. spinosa root bark aqueous extract which also stated to be simplest, cheaper and non-toxic while compare to other methods. Further to identify the metabolites which is present in the aqueous extract were identified through Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry with methanol as a solvent results that 7-hydroxy-6-methoxy-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one contains higher area percentage of 67.47 with the retention time (RT) of 18.660.

Biotechnology and pharmacological evaluation of Indian vegetable crop Lagenaria siceraria: an overview.

Bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) belongs to the family Cucurbitaceae, which comprises about 118 genera and 825 species. It is an important vegetable crop of India, and its production is influenced by a number of factors viz., environmental, nutritional, cultural operation and use of plant growth regulators. Since, bottle gourd belongs to a medicinal family, it plays a major role in the treatment of several diseases related to the skin and heart. There are several organic chemical compounds including vitamin B complex, pectin, dietary soluble fibres, ascorbic acid, beta-carotene, amino acids and minerals which have been isolated from this species. Therefore, the bottle gourd is considered to have a great impact on therapeutic health benefits. Due to drastic industrialization and urbanization, most of the human beings are facing several ill effects which may lead to death at extreme cases. Hence, the major research area was said to be nanotechnology. Taking into consideration, we have combined nanotechnology field with waste source in the name of green synthesis and planned to cure several diseases, as most of the researchers focused their work on this and succeeded too. The present study is a complete review of L. siceraria that covers the ethnomedical uses, chemical constituents, and pharmacological profile. This study is mainly focused on the antibacterial, hepatoprotective, diuretic and anthelminthic activities.