Gargi Bag

LoWMob: Intra-PAN Mobility Support Schemes for 6LoWPAN

Mobility in 6LoWPAN (IPv6 over Low Power Personal Area Networks) is being utilized in realizing many applications where sensor nodes, while moving, sense and transmit the gathered data to a monitoring server. By employing IEEE802.15.4 as a baseline for the link layer technology, 6LoWPAN implies low data rate and low power consumption with periodic sleep and wakeups for sensor nodes, without requiring them to incorporate complex hardware. Also enabling sensor nodes with IPv6 ensures that the sensor data can be accessed anytime and anywhere from the world. Several existing mobility-related schemes like HMIPv6, MIPv6, HAWAII, and Cellular IP require active participation of mobile nodes in the mobility signaling, thus leading to the mobility-related changes in the protocol stack of mobile nodes. In this paper, we present LoWMob, which is a network-based mobility scheme for mobile 6LoWPAN nodes in which the mobility of 6LoWPAN nodes is handled at the network-side. LoWMob ensures multi-hop communication between gateways and mobile nodes with the help of the static nodes within a 6LoWPAN. In order to reduce the signaling overhead of static nodes for supporting mobile nodes, LoWMob proposes a mobility support packet format at the adaptation layer of 6LoWPAN. Also we present a distributed version of LoWMob, named as DLoWMob (or Distributed LoWMob), which employs Mobility Support Points (MSPs) to distribute the traffic concentration at the gateways and to optimize the multi-hop routing path between source and destination nodes in a 6LoWPAN. Moreover, we have also discussed the security considerations for our proposed mobility schemes. The performance of our proposed schemes is evaluated in terms of mobility signaling costs, end-to-end delay, and packet success ratio.

Power Sharing and Control in Distributed Generation With Wireless Sensor Networks

This paper proposes application of wireless sensor networks in distributed generation. Furthermore, in order to have a reliable communication with minimal end-to-end delay during the event of next hop node failure, the paper proposes a Find Reliable Link (FRL) scheme. Power sharing can be improved significantly in a conventional decentralized power control by correcting the distributed generators reference signals with wireless sensor networks as proposed in this paper. Even a low bandwidth communication among the distributed generators and control center can overcome the system operation challenges posed by network line parameters, failure of distributed generators and power shortage in the system. In order to ensure reliable communication between the sensor nodes or distributed generators and control center, the paper proposes the FRL scheme. The scheme aims to enable the system to make a quick recovery from sensor node failures or link failure due to obstacles thereby reducing the end-to-end delay. The proposed communication scheme is verified by implementing it in Qualnet 5.0. A detail data traffic analysis is presented to demonstrate how reliability is improved in the proposed communication method. Closed loop simulation of communication network with distributed power sources also validates the reliability of the proposed schemes.

Network Assisted Mobility Support for 6LoWPAN

This paper presents a network-assisted mobility support scheme for 6LoWPAN nodes, which enables multi-hop communication between the Gateway (GW) and the Mobile 6LoWPAN devices (MNs), with minimum mobility related signaling at the MNs end as compared to conventional mobility related protocols like MIPv6. The scheme provides mobility support to the MNs with the help of low cost static 6LoWPAN devices (SNs) which can be deployed in large numbers. In order to reduce the handover latency, the MN in the proposed scheme is assigned a fixed address which remains unchanged during its course of movement within the network. Moreover the scheme aims to reduce packets loss of the MN by predicting its future location and having a provision of buffering its packet at SNs when needed. The signaling overhead consumption needed to support a MN is determined through analytical modeling.

Inter-PAN Mobility Support for 6LoWPAN

This paper proposes Inter PAN mobility support for 6LoWPANs moving within an IP domain. In order to reduce the processing and signaling load on the mobile node (MN) caused by the movement, the mobility related processing of 6LoWPAN nodes is delegated to the existing PAN entities with less power constraints. Also this mobility support mechanism aims to reduce Inter-PAN Handover time by providing the information about the frequencies of surrounding PANs in the vicinity of the border nodes of the PAN. The signaling cost incurred is evaluated in terms of speed through analytical modeling and the performance is compared with HMIPv6. The results indicate a fair amount of reduction of signaling bandwidth achieved through the proposed support.

Energy-aware and bandwidth-efficient mobility architecture for 6LoWPAN

This paper proposes an energy aware and bandwidth efficient mobility support architecture which handles mobility of 6LoWPAN devices, such that the communication between it and its corresponding nodes remain undisrupted. As the 6LoWPAN devices are energy and resource constrained enabling mobility in these devices with the help of conventional host based protocols like MIPv6 is not suitable. Moreover, it may be possible in many scenarios that the mobile node (MN) moves far from the gateway (GW), while communicating with it. In this case the MN has to increase its transmission power, which may adversely affect its life time. In the proposed architecture static random deployed 6LoWPAN devices (SN) with same characteristics as the MNs, facilitate mobility such that the IP connectivity of the MN is maintained with minimum signaling at MNpsilas end. Thus this paper describes the link layer specific mechanisms needed between the SN and the MN to help it perform multi-hop communication with the GW. Moreover, it is designed keeping in mind the energy and resource constraint nature of SNs themselves. The signaling overhead for the SNs is determined through analytical modeling.

Low Cost Wireless Sensor Network in Distributed Generation

This paper proposes an application of low cost IPv6 based wireless sensor network in distributed generation. The wireless sensor network used in the proposed scheme is based on IEEE 802.15.4 link layer technology and the sensor nodes have the ability to communicate directly with other IP devices via internet. A web based service is appreciated for implementing the proposed smart power distribution and efficient power management system. Even a low bandwidth communication among the distributed generators and load centers can overcome the system operation challenges posed by network line parameters, failure of distributed generators and power shortage in the system. Power management can be improved significantly in a conventional decentralized power control by correcting the distributed generators reference signals as proposed in this paper. In order to ensure reliable communication between the sensor nodes or distributed generators and load center the paper proposes FRL scheme, which aims to determine the most reliable link for a sensor node on fly. This paper shows stable operation of the system for a range of operating conditions while ensuring reliable data transfer among the distributed generation.

Power sharing and control in distributed generation with wireless sensor networks

Summary form only given. This paper proposes application of wireless sensor networks in distributed generation. Furthermore in order to have a reliable communication with minimal end to end delay during the event of next hop node failure the paper proposes Find Reliable Link (FRL) scheme. Power sharing can be improved significantly in a conventional decentralized power control by correcting the distributed generators reference signals with wireless sensor networks as proposed in this paper. Even a low bandwidth communication among the distributed generators and control center can overcome the system operation challenges posed by network line parameters, failure of distributed generators and power shortage in the system. In order to ensure reliable communication between the sensor nodes or distributed generators and control center the paper proposes FRL scheme. The scheme aims to enable the system to make a quick recovery from sensor node failures or link failure due to obstacles thereby reducing the end to end delay. The proposed communication scheme is verified by implementing it in Qualnet 5.0. A detail data traffic analysis is presented to demonstrate how reliability is improved in the proposed communication method. Closed loop simulation of communication network with distributed power sources also validates the reliability of the proposed schemes.

Performance of power electronic interfaced DERs integrated with communication network

In this paper, the performance of power electronic interfaced distributed energy resources (DERs) operating with communication network is investigated. The application of power electronic interface is required, for system operation and control while achieving a stable system with high power quality. In a smart grid scenario, due to the dependency of data acquisition, protection and control, an integrated communication is essential, to improve the system reliability and efficiency. The integrated communication will create a dynamic and real time information exchange. This information are used to operate many intelligent electronic interfaces. The reference signals of the power electronic devices are largely based on those communicated measurements and information. Depending on the communication technology, these measurements can vary in quality, update rate, sensitivity and noise. This paper investigates the performance of the distributed resources operating with power electronic interfaces and communicated measurements. Close loop simulation of the power network and communication network is carried out with SIMPOWER and TRUETIME respectively.

Dead reckoning based target tracking in wireless sensor networks

Target tracking is one of the key applications of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) that forms basis for numerous other applications. Real situations in tracking, such as an unexpected change in the mobile events direction, failure of event detection, or transmission failure of an error message may result into erroneous tracking information. Thus, in order to prevent and handle errors effectively, it is required that tracking algorithm must incorporate error avoidance and error correction phase. In this paper we present Dead Reckoning (DR) based target tracking protocol. DR determines targets present position by projecting its past positions and speed over elapsed time and known targets path. Moreover, it inherits the functionality of error correction and error avoidance using a position fix technique. The performance of DR based tracking is also discussed, which confirms the efficacy of the algorithm.

IEEE802.16 based communication for coordinated operation of power converters

This paper investigates the suitability of IEEE802.16 based WIMAX communication technology for coordinated converter control. The impact of communication delay on converter control is scrutinized for different operating scenarios. Depending on the system operation two different cases are contemplated. In the first case the information is conveyed when an event is triggered (trip, power limit). In the second case communication happens periodically (secondary control loop). Two major qualities of service classes (UGS and real time), offered in WiMAX for high priority and time critical applications, were analyzed. This paper looks into the possibility to utilize WiMAX based communication provided that the applications traffic flows are given a higher Quality of Service (QoS) and treated as high priority traffic. Time domain simulation with a test case is presented for the coordinated converter control with communication.