Garland E. Blair

A Validity and Reliability Study of the Slosson Intelligence Test and the Shipley Institute of Living Scale

The subjects used in the present study were undergraduate students enrolled in lower division psychology courses. The sample consisted of 40 students (25 females, 15 males). The SIT and the SILS were administered individually to each subject with a 45-day interval between the first test and the retest on both instruments. The correlation coefficients were computed by use of the Pearson product-moment technique. The correlation between SIT IQ scores and SILS raw scores derived from the initial testing was .46. An analysis of the results of the second testing between the same instruments revealed a coefficient of .54. Test-retest reliability coefficients of .83 and .80 were obtained for the SIT and SILS measures. All four coefficients were significant beyond the .01 level.

A Comparison of Death Anxiety and Denial in Death-Risk and Death-Exposure Occupations

This study investigates the relationship between death anxiety and denial scale scores of persons employed in death-risk (DRG), death-exposure (DEG), or low-risk (CG) occupations. Participants were active duty military (DRG), health care providers (DEG), and college students (CG). Death anxiety instruments selected were Hoelters Multidimensional Fear of Death Scale (MFODS) and Templers Death Anxiety Scale (DAS). Spielbergers Rationality/Emotional Defensiveness (R/ED) Scale was the denial measure. The two death anxiety scales were positively correlated (p = .001). There was no significant difference between groups on the MFODS nor the DAS. There was an inverse correlation between death anxiety and denial measures; the correlation was significant for the health care providers (DEG). Gender effect does not explain these differences. While age and occupational measures are confounded in this research design, additional analyses yielded similar findings (r = –.337, p = .01). The results are interpreted according to perceptual control theory.

Correlation of the Quick Word Test and Wide Range Vocabulary Test with the Shipley-Institute of Living Scale.

The purposes of the present project were to determine the validity of the Quick Word Test (QWT) and the Wide Range Vocabulary Test Form B (WRVT-B) relative to the Shipley-Institute of Living Scale (SILS) serving as a criterion measure and to ascertain in light of the statistical outcomes whether the QWT and the WRVT-B can be used as effective instruments in assessing the intellectual ability of college students. The selection of the criterion instrument—the Shipley-Institute of Living Scale—was based on its reliability and validity as well as on its rather wide usage in educational and institutional settings. The correlation coefficients obtained in the present study between the QWT and the SILS and between the WRVT-B and the SILS were .68 and .73, respectively. These coefficients attained significance beyond the .01 level. In light of these relatively high and significant coefficients, it was concluded that the QWT and the WRVT-B are valid measures of intellectual functioning that may be used in a population of college students.

Measures of concurrent validity and alternate-form reliability of the Test of Nonverbal Intelligence.

The subjects, 60 undergraduate students, were administered the Test of Nonverbal Intelligence (TONI) individually. The Shipley Institute of Living Scale was administered in small groups. A Pearson correlation of .56 was obtained for TONI Quotients, Forms A and B. TONI Quotients, Forms A and B, correlated with Shipley estimated WAIS—R IQ .50 and .46, respectively, and corrected to .71 and .64, with Shipley Total T scores, .52 and .44, respectively (corrected to .71 and .61), with Shipley Abstraction T scores, .51 and .42, respectively (corrected, .63 and .52), and with Shipley Vocabulary T scores .26 and .32, respectively (corrected to .63 and .52). TONI scores seem more closely related to Shipley Total and Abstraction scores than to Shipley Vocabulary.

A STUDY OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN A PERSONAL PHILOSOPHY OF HUMAN NATURE (GOOD OR EVIL) AND SELF-ESTEEM

The present study was undertaken to estimate the relationship between a personal philosophy of human nature (whether man is essentially good or evil) and an individuals self-esteem, as measured by the Coopersmith Self-esteem Inventory and the Self-esteem scale of the Jackson Personality Inventory. For 19 male and 21 female undergraduate students, correlations of age and sex with self-esteem were calculated. The multivariate analysis of variance indicated a nonsignificant relation between scores on philosophy of human nature of students and their scores on the two measures of self-esteem. Correlations of age and sex with self-esteem were also nonsignificant. The Coopersmith Self-esteem Inventory scores and those on the Self-esteem scale of the Jackson Personality Inventory were significantly correlated at .59.

Relationship of Scores on the California Psychological Inventory to Age

For a sample of 179 college students (18 to 69 yr. old), age was significantly correlated (.20 to .43) with the California Psychological Inventory scales of Dominance, Capacity for Status, Sociability, Sense of Well-being, Responsibility, Self-control, Tolerance, Good Impression, Achievement via Conformance, Achievement via Independence, Intellectual Efficiency, and Psychological-mindedness.

Correlation of the Slosson Intelligence Test with the California Short-Form Test of Mental Maturity and the Shipley-Institute of Living Scale

The purposes of the present study were to determine the validity of the Slosson Intelligence Test (SIT) relative to two other group tests of mental ability serving as criterion measures and to ascertain in light of the statistical outcomes whether the SIT can be used as an effective instrument in assessing the intellectual ability of college students. The selection of the criterion instruments—the California Short-Form Test of Mental Maturity and the Shipley-Institute of Living Scale—was based on their reliability and validity as well as on their rather wide usage in educational and institutional settings. The correlation coefficients obtained in this study between the SIT and the criterion instruments that ranged from .68 to .73 were significant beyond the .01 level. In light of these relatively high and significant coefficients, it was concluded that the SIT is a valid measure of intellectual functioning that may be used in a population of college students.

Intercorrelations among the Slosson Intelligence Test, the Shipley-Institute of Living Scale, and the Intellectual Efficiency Scale of the California Psychological Inventory

The California Psychological Inventory (CPI), the Slosson Intelligence Test (SIT), and the Shipley-Institute of Living Scale (SILS) were administered to 43 undergraduates enrolled in psychology classes at Austin Peay State University, Clarksville, Tennessee. The Intellectual Efficiency (Ie) scale scores were correlated .52 with the SIT scores and .39 with the SILS scores. The coefficients were significant at the .01 and .05 levels, respectively. The correlation of .49 between SIT and SILS scores was significant at the .01 level. No significance was obtained when the SILS Abstraction scores were correlated with the CPI- Ie or with the SIT scores.

Correlations between Scores on Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking and Ingenuity Subtest of the Flanagan Aptitude Classification Tests

The twofold purpose of the present study was to determine the magnitude of relationship between the scores on the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking and scores on the Ingenuity subtest of the Flanagan Aptitude Classification Tests and to determine the intercorrelations among Torrance Tests for 79 undergraduates, tested in groups. The Pearson product-moment correlations (—.19, largest r) indicated that the concepts of creativity and ingenuity are dissimilar.

Correlation of the Self-Actualizing Value Subscale of the Personal Orientation Inventory with the Self-Acceptance, Socialization, and Self-Control Scales of the California Psychological Inventory

The purpose of the present study was to determine the degree of correlation between the Self-Actualizing Value (SAV) Subscale of the Personal Orientation Inventory (POI) and the (a) Self-Acceptance (Sa ), (b) Socialization (So) and (c) Self-Control (Sc) scales of the California Psychological Inventory (CPI). The subjects were 17 males and 36 females currently enrolled at Austin Peay State University, Clarksville, Tennessee. The POI and the CPI were administered individually to each subject. The correlation coefficients between the Self-Actualizing Value (SAV ) subscale of the POI and (a) Self-Acceptance (Sa), (b) Socialization (So ), and (c) Self-Control (Sc) scales of the CPI were .43, .01, and -.18, respectively. The correlation between the SAV subscale scores and the Sa scale scores was significant at the .01 level. The results of this study suggested that the Sa scale of the CPI and the SAV subscale of the POI measure common characteristics in individuals, whereas the So and Sc scales of the CPI reflect qualities different from those in the SAV subscale of the POI.