Gary T. Ford

Normative Values for the Beck Anxiety Inventory, Fear Questionnaire, Penn State Worry Questionnaire, and Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory

Community norms are reported for the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI ; A. T. Beck, N. Epstein, G. Brown, & R. A. Steer, 1988), Fear Questionnaire (FQ ; I. M. Marks & A. Mathews, 1979), Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ ; T. J. Meyer, M. L. Miller, R. L. Metzger, & T. D. Borkovec, 1990), and Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory (SPAI ; S. M. Turner, D. C. Beidel, C. V. Dancu, & M. A. Stanley, 1989). The demographic profile of the samples closely matched the 1990 U.S. national census. On the SPAI, women scored higher than men on the Agoraphobia subscale, and the lowest income group scored higher than higher income participants on the Difference and Social Phobia subscales. Participants under 45 years of age exceeded those aged 45-65 on the BAI, the PSWQ, and FQ Social Phobia, Blood/Injury, and Total Phobia scores. Percentile scores are provided for all measures, as well as discussion oftheir usefulness for assessing clinical significance of therapy outcomes.

Inferential Beliefs in Consumer Evaluations: An Assessment of Alternative Processing Strategies

The purpose of this research is to investigate the processing strategies consumers use to form inferences about missing product information. We evaluate the relative effect of attribute information about a partially described brand and about other fully described brands, the effect of attribute intercorrelations, and the effect of prompting inferences. We find that attribute information about a partially described brand has a greater influence than that about fully described competitive brands, that highly correlated attributes more consistently influence inferences, and that prompting inferences produces substantially different results than less intrusive measures.

Evaluation of Consumer Education Programs

The challenges and problems encountered in evaluating consumer education programs are discussed. This article focuses on the evaluation research literature and the experiences of the authors in attempting to evaluate a major consumer education program.

Perceptions of uncertainty within a buying group

The purpose of this article is to investigate whether it is possible to classify organizational members according to the type and degree of purchasing related uncertainty they perceive in their roles as members of an informal purchasing decisionmaking unit, herein referred to as the Buying Task Group (i.e., that collectivity responsible for purchasing related decisions). Such information is highly relevant to the industrial marketer who must contend with several organizational members, all of whom participate, to a greater or lesser extent, in the purchasing process. If the industrial marketer can ascertain the different sources and kinds of uncertainty to which the various Buying Task Group (BTG) members are sensitive, he can then tailor his selling communication to address those aspects that are of direct interest to individuals in different functions and at different levels. To this end, factor analysis and discriminant analysis are utilized to identify the major underlying dimensions of environmental uncertainty which differentiate the various BTG members.

The Impact of the Daubert Decision on Survey Research Used in Litigation

The opinions issued by the U.S. Supreme Court in Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals Inc., General Electric Co. v. Robert K. Joiner, Kumho Tire Co. Ltd. v. Carmichael, and Weisgram v. Marley changed the ground rules for whether a survey is admissible as evidence into a trial. This article provides a history of the criteria used to determine the admissibility of expert reports before Daubert and summarizes Daubert and the three other relevant opinions. It provides examples of how the Daubert criteria are being applied in cases involving survey research and provides recommendations for conducting surveys that are likely to survive a Daubert challenge.