Gaurav Kumar Pandey

Design of WLAN Band Notched UWB Monopole Antenna with Stepped Geometry Using Modified EBG Structure

A WLAN band notched compact ultra-wideband (UWB) microstrip monopole antenna with stepped geometry is proposed. A L-slot loaded modifled mushroom type Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) is designed, analyzed and used to realize notched band characteristics for wireless local area network (WLAN) in the UWB frequency range. The proposed antenna having partial ground plane is fabricated on a low cost FR4 substrate having dimensions 40(Lsub) £ 30(Wsub) £ 1:6(h)mm 3 and is fed by a 50-› microstrip line. The results show that the proposed antenna achieves impedance bandwidth (VSWR 2) from 4.9GHz to 6GHz. Fidelity factor for proposed antenna is also analyzed to characterize time domain behavior. Simulation and measurement results of VSWR are found in good agreement.

A compact tri-band MIMO/diversity antenna for mobile handsets

This article presents an antenna with a compact planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) structure and its multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) applications for Long Term Evolution (LTE) and other wireless frequency band like Personal Communication Service (PCS1900) and Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX). The PIFA antenna designed to cover the frequency band based on 6-dB return loss for LTE700 is 765-787 MHz, PCS1900 is 1850-1920 MHz and WiMAX is 3.05-3.65 GHz. The proposed antenna provides the isolation between its ports is below -10dB for all three operating bands of communication and also have excellent Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC).

A Compact Multiband Planar Monopole Antenna for Slim Mobile Handset Applications

A planar compact multiband monopole antenna is presented for ultra-slim mobile handset applications. The proposed antenna operates over 0.885 GHz-0.962 GHz and 1.69 GHz-3.8 GHz frequency bands with −6 dB impedance bandwidth that covers GSM900, GSM1800, GSM1900, UMTS, IMT2100, WLAN, WiMAX along with most of the higher LTE bands of modern mobile phone applications. The radiation characteristics of the antenna is analyzed in term of radiation patterns, peak realized gain, total radiation efficiency, and surface current distribution. The radiation patterns of the proposed antenna are dipole like which is suitable for mobile applications with 73-93% total radiation efficiency. The proposed antenna is investigated in free space as well as in actual mobile environment consisting of mobile plastic housing along with large metallic display screen and battery. No significant effect on the operating bands of the mobile antenna due to the actual mobile environment on the impedance bandwidth is observed. Specific absorption rate (SAR) computation is carried out on human head phantom. The computed values of SAR lie well below the specified limit over 1 g and 10 g of tissues. The parametric analysis is also carried out to understand the effect of the shape parameters.

Compact Printed Diversity Antenna for LTE700/GSM1700/1800/UMTS/Wi-Fi/Bluetooth/LTE2300/2500 Applications for Slim Mobile Handsets

A planar, printed multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna for slim mobile handset is presented. The dual-antenna system, comprises two symmetric antenna elements, is printed on a printed circuit board (PCB) of mobile phone. Each antenna element consists of coupled-fed loop antenna. The loop antenna is formed by a quarter wavelength (at 762MHz) meandered loop strip with end terminal short-circuited to the ground plane. A T-shaped protruded ground is deliberately designed to enhance the impedance matching and decoupled the two closely deposed antenna elements (distance between antenna elements are 0.03λ at 762MHz). The integrity of the T-shaped decoupling structure and coupled-fed loop antenna array covers LTE700 (0.747GHz–0.787 GHz) and WWAN (1.7GHz– 3.04GHz) based on −6 dB reflection coefficient and achieves isolation between elements well below −10 dB over all the operating bands. The application platform is LTE700, GSM1700, GMS1800, UMTS, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, LTE2300, and LTE2500 bands for the 2G/3G/4G mobile terminals. The effect of user proximity by considering the actual mobile environment is also studied in the form of total radiated power (TRP), specific absorption rate (SAR), diversity performances, and radiation performances. Finally, a prototype is fabricated and tested with network analyser. The measured results are found in good agreement with simulated ones.

Thin Profile Wideband Printed Monopole Antenna for Slim Mobile Handsets Applications

In this paper, a compact wideband planar monopole antenna suitable for slim mobile handsets applications is presented. The proposed antenna operates over LTE700/GSM800/900 (0.742 GHz-1.36 GHz), GPS L1/GSM1800/1900/UMTS/IMT2100/Wi-Fi/LTE2300/2500 (1.475 GHz- 2.7 GHz), and WiMAX (3.4 GHz-3.72 GHz) based on reflection coefficient better than − 6d B. It consists of coupling strip, shorted radiating strip, and parasitic meandered lines. The wider impedance bandwidth is achieved by placing the meandered line as parasitic element on the back side of the coupling and shorted radiating elements. With this configuration, the antenna gives extremely wide impedance bandwidth which covers all the required frequency bands of the smart mobile phones. To investigate the proposed antenna, S-parameters, surface current distributions, and radiation performances are studied. To check the robustness of the proposed antenna, investigation is also carried out in the vicinity of the mobile environment. Further, specific absorption rate (SAR) is calculated on the human head and found to be below 0.535 W/kg. The simulated and measured results are found in close agreement.

A Review of Cellular Automata Model for Heterogeneous Traffic Conditions

Over the years various microscopic traffic models were developed to predict vehicular behaviour from mid-block section of road to the network level. Cellular Automata (CA) was found to be a promising approach to meet this challenge in the recent past. A CA approach to traffic simulation is potentially useful in order to achieve a very high computational rate in microscopic simulation, and to facilitate distributed computing. Because of this CA models are becoming increasingly popular for their potential to simulate large scale road network using macroscopic traffic characteristics like flow and density. Despite an increase in computational power over the past decade, limited efforts have gone in evaluating the model at microscopic level using characteristics like lane keeping and lane change. These characteristics along with traffic composition and density have significant influence on the amount of interaction between different vehicle types. This paper provides a brief review of CA models developed for heterogeneous traffic conditions and provides insights for improvement. Model performance is evaluated at macroscopic and microscopic level using characteristics like speeds and positions obtained from vehicle trajectories. The data was collected on arterial roads in Ludhiana, India for this study.

A compact dual band MIMO/diversity antenna for WLAN applications

A compact dual-band MIMO/diversity antenna is presented with J-slot suitable for 2.45/5.80 GHz WLAN applications in handheld devices. The radiating elements are two planar inverted F antennas (PIFA) constructed by metallic plates and parasitic elements. The antenna is designed to operate at the resonant frequency 2.45GHz and 5.8GHz of WLAN bands. The proposed antenna having excellent Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC) is well below 0.01, which meet the diversity performances of MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output) antenna. The proposed MIMO antenna is characterized with S-parameters, surface current distributions, diversity parameters, and radiation patterns.

Design of stepped monopole UWB antenna with WLAN band notched using modified mushroom type EBG structure

In this paper a simple, compact, and low cost ultrawideband (UWB) stepped monopole antenna with partial ground plane with wireless local-area network (WLAN) band notched characteristics is proposed. The band notch is created by modified mushroom type Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) structure with slotted patch and cylindrical via. The proposed antenna is designed on FR4 substrate of height 1.6mm. The antenna achieves an operational bandwidth from 2.3 GHz to more than 11GHz which included both ISM and FCCs UWB bands with a band notched for WLAN band.

Anisotropic artificial material with ENZ and high refractive index property for high gain Vivaldi antenna design

In this paper, an anisotropic artificial material (AAM) is proposed which shows epsilon near zero (ENZ) or zero index metamaterial (ZIM) property and effective refractive index greater than 1, simultaneously in a direction. Further, the proposed material is investigated to improve the gain of an ultrawideband (UWB) Vivaldi antenna (VA). The unit cell of AAM consists of compact meandered line metallic strip on a dielectric substrate. The AM shows the ENZ property in the frequency band of 8 GHz-12 GHz due to the electrical resonance along the meandered axis of the AAM. While, due to the non-resonant electrical property in the direction orthogonal to the meandered axis high refractive index property is observed in UWB. Significant gain enhancement of up to 2 dBi is observed due to the AAM. The VA with AAM shows good unidirectional radiation characteristics with improved front to back ratio in the UWB.

CPW-fed fork shaped slotted antenna with dual-band notch characteristics

A coplanar waveguide (CPW) fed dual band-notched antenna for Ultra Wideband (UWB) and Bluetooth applications is presented. The proposed antenna consists of a planar fork shaped radiating patch and modified ground plane. The fork shaped radiating patch is fed with 50-0 CPW microstrip line. The proposed antenna has a total size of 25 × 30 mm2 and operates over the frequency band between 2.13 and 12.86 GHz. The conventional slots are created on the modified ground plane and radiating patch to obtained the band notched characteristics. The J-shaped slot is created on modified ground plane to obtained band notched at WiMAX (3.4 GHz-3.69 GHz) and U-shaped slot is created on feed line which is responsible for WLAN (5.15 GHz-5.85 GHz) band notched. The proposed antenna achieves good impedance matching, almost stable radiation patterns, and good peak realized gain over an operating band.